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Top priority characteristics of blue spaces design for stress reduction: a scoping review and Delphi technique among BlueHealth experts / Ammar Ayman Zaino, Jamalunlaili Abdullah and Aishath Rasiya

There is a growing need to identify blue space characteristics that optimize stress reduction. Few studies have directly linked specific variables of blue spaces to stress-reduction. To address this gap, this study aimed to develop a framework identifying priority blue space variables for stress red...

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Main Authors: Zaino, Ammar Ayman, Abdullah, Jamalunlaili, Rasiya, Aishath
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: UiTM Press 2025
Subjects:
Environmental policy and economic development. Sustainable development. Environmental management
Online Access:https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/110073/1/110073.pdf
https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/110073/
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spelling my.uitm.ir.1100732025-02-13T23:48:00Z https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/110073/ Top priority characteristics of blue spaces design for stress reduction: a scoping review and Delphi technique among BlueHealth experts / Ammar Ayman Zaino, Jamalunlaili Abdullah and Aishath Rasiya bej Zaino, Ammar Ayman Abdullah, Jamalunlaili Rasiya, Aishath Environmental policy and economic development. Sustainable development. Environmental management There is a growing need to identify blue space characteristics that optimize stress reduction. Few studies have directly linked specific variables of blue spaces to stress-reduction. To address this gap, this study aimed to develop a framework identifying priority blue space variables for stress reduction. A scoping review first compiled a comprehensive list of potentially influential factors. Using the Delphi technique, a qualitative study then evaluated the most significant of these variables through private interviews with eleven (11) BlueHealth experts. The experts, drawn from diverse disciplines, were asked to rate the importance of various blue space characteristics on a 6-point scale. The analysis revealed that factors such as size, colour/clarity, biodiversity, and time spent in the blue space may be the most critical for stress reduction. Experts highlighted the complex interrelationships between these variables, noting that the optimal design of blue spaces requires a delicate balance to maximize the stress-reducing potential. While further experimental validation is warranted, this expert-informed framework provides a solid foundation for designing blue spaces that support mental health and well-being. By prioritising the key variables and understanding their relative importance, architects, urban planners, and policymakers can make more informed decisions when creating or retrofitting blue spaces. The findings of this study come at a critical time, as the global mental health crisis continues to escalate, with depression and stress projected to be leading concerns by 2030. Integrating this evidence-based framework into the design of blue spaces holds the potential to mitigate the negative impacts of the built environment and contribute to the overall well-being of individuals and communities. UiTM Press 2025-01 Article PeerReviewed text en https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/110073/1/110073.pdf Top priority characteristics of blue spaces design for stress reduction: a scoping review and Delphi technique among BlueHealth experts / Ammar Ayman Zaino, Jamalunlaili Abdullah and Aishath Rasiya. (2025) Built Environment Journal <https://ir.uitm.edu.my/view/publication/Built_Environment_Journal/>, 22 (1): 2. pp. 14-28. ISSN 2637-0395
institution Universiti Teknologi Mara
building Tun Abdul Razak Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Mara
content_source UiTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://ir.uitm.edu.my/
language English
topic Environmental policy and economic development. Sustainable development. Environmental management
spellingShingle Environmental policy and economic development. Sustainable development. Environmental management
Zaino, Ammar Ayman
Abdullah, Jamalunlaili
Rasiya, Aishath
Top priority characteristics of blue spaces design for stress reduction: a scoping review and Delphi technique among BlueHealth experts / Ammar Ayman Zaino, Jamalunlaili Abdullah and Aishath Rasiya
description There is a growing need to identify blue space characteristics that optimize stress reduction. Few studies have directly linked specific variables of blue spaces to stress-reduction. To address this gap, this study aimed to develop a framework identifying priority blue space variables for stress reduction. A scoping review first compiled a comprehensive list of potentially influential factors. Using the Delphi technique, a qualitative study then evaluated the most significant of these variables through private interviews with eleven (11) BlueHealth experts. The experts, drawn from diverse disciplines, were asked to rate the importance of various blue space characteristics on a 6-point scale. The analysis revealed that factors such as size, colour/clarity, biodiversity, and time spent in the blue space may be the most critical for stress reduction. Experts highlighted the complex interrelationships between these variables, noting that the optimal design of blue spaces requires a delicate balance to maximize the stress-reducing potential. While further experimental validation is warranted, this expert-informed framework provides a solid foundation for designing blue spaces that support mental health and well-being. By prioritising the key variables and understanding their relative importance, architects, urban planners, and policymakers can make more informed decisions when creating or retrofitting blue spaces. The findings of this study come at a critical time, as the global mental health crisis continues to escalate, with depression and stress projected to be leading concerns by 2030. Integrating this evidence-based framework into the design of blue spaces holds the potential to mitigate the negative impacts of the built environment and contribute to the overall well-being of individuals and communities.
format Article
author Zaino, Ammar Ayman
Abdullah, Jamalunlaili
Rasiya, Aishath
author_facet Zaino, Ammar Ayman
Abdullah, Jamalunlaili
Rasiya, Aishath
author_sort Zaino, Ammar Ayman
title Top priority characteristics of blue spaces design for stress reduction: a scoping review and Delphi technique among BlueHealth experts / Ammar Ayman Zaino, Jamalunlaili Abdullah and Aishath Rasiya
title_short Top priority characteristics of blue spaces design for stress reduction: a scoping review and Delphi technique among BlueHealth experts / Ammar Ayman Zaino, Jamalunlaili Abdullah and Aishath Rasiya
title_full Top priority characteristics of blue spaces design for stress reduction: a scoping review and Delphi technique among BlueHealth experts / Ammar Ayman Zaino, Jamalunlaili Abdullah and Aishath Rasiya
title_fullStr Top priority characteristics of blue spaces design for stress reduction: a scoping review and Delphi technique among BlueHealth experts / Ammar Ayman Zaino, Jamalunlaili Abdullah and Aishath Rasiya
title_full_unstemmed Top priority characteristics of blue spaces design for stress reduction: a scoping review and Delphi technique among BlueHealth experts / Ammar Ayman Zaino, Jamalunlaili Abdullah and Aishath Rasiya
title_sort top priority characteristics of blue spaces design for stress reduction: a scoping review and delphi technique among bluehealth experts / ammar ayman zaino, jamalunlaili abdullah and aishath rasiya
publisher UiTM Press
publishDate 2025
url https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/110073/1/110073.pdf
https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/110073/
_version_ 1825165147913584640
score 13.239859

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