Cover Image

Torrefaction of oil palm frond for enhancing solid fuel properties / Nurhafizah Yaacob

Researches on potential utilization of lignocellulosic biomass from oil palm residues as energy feedstock has increased significantly due to depleting fossil fuel such as coal. However, due to undesired properties of lignocellulosic biomass such as high moisture content, low energy density and energ...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Yaacob, Nurhafizah
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2019
Subjects:
SB Plant culture
Palm oil
Online Access:https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/100161/1/100161.pdf
https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/100161/
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my.uitm.ir.100161
record_format eprints
spelling my.uitm.ir.1001612024-09-12T13:49:51Z https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/100161/ Torrefaction of oil palm frond for enhancing solid fuel properties / Nurhafizah Yaacob Yaacob, Nurhafizah SB Plant culture Palm oil Researches on potential utilization of lignocellulosic biomass from oil palm residues as energy feedstock has increased significantly due to depleting fossil fuel such as coal. However, due to undesired properties of lignocellulosic biomass such as high moisture content, low energy density and energy content, as well as high bulk density, researchers started to find alternative ways to pretreat them into a useful fuel. Torrefaction technology had been considered by researchers and is acknowledged to enhance the fuel properties of biomass towards an efficient renewable energy feedstock. This research investigates the physicochemical properties of oil palm frond (OPF) at torrefaction temperatures of 200°C, 225°C, 250°C, 275°C, and 300°C at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min holding time at a constant heating rate of 10°C/min. The solid torrefied products were characterized in terms of their chemical composition, heating value, mass and energy yield. The color appearances of the solid torrefied products were also reported. Thermogavimetric Analyser (TGA) and elemental analyser were used to determine the chemical composition as well as to investigate the degradation behaviour of the solid torrefied product. Bomb calorimeter was also used to measure the heating value to calculate energy yield of the torrefied products. As a result, OPF with original heating value of 17.8 MJ/kg was improved to 23.42 MJ/kg after subjected to torrefaction at 300°C. The solid yield decreased while the energy yield increased as torrefaction temperature and holding time increases. However, the effect of torrefaction temperature is much more significant while the effect of holding time becomes more prominent at low torrefaction temperature. The degradation behaviour of lignocellulosic constituents; cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin was discussed through TG and DTG analysis. This research also develops an optimum torrefaction parameters; temperature and holding time by using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotatable design (CCRD). A total of 13 experiments were conducted to optimize the combination effects of the variables. As a result, the regression coefficients of 98.3 and 85.5 for the solid yield and heating value were obtained, respectively. This proved that the RSM based on CCRD is efficiently applicable for the torrefaction study. The result shows that optimum production of solid fuel with enhanced heating value of oil palm frond is obtained at torrefaction temperature of 268°C; holding time of 15 minutes with predicted solid yield and heating value of 70.5% and 21.4 MJ/kg, respectively. This work concludes that a good torrefied OPF can be obtained at a torrefaction temperature higher than 250°C with a holding time 15 minutes. 2019 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/100161/1/100161.pdf Torrefaction of oil palm frond for enhancing solid fuel properties / Nurhafizah Yaacob. (2019) Masters thesis, thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). <http://terminalib.uitm.edu.my/100161.pdf>
institution Universiti Teknologi Mara
building Tun Abdul Razak Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Mara
content_source UiTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://ir.uitm.edu.my/
language English
topic SB Plant culture
Palm oil
spellingShingle SB Plant culture
Palm oil
Yaacob, Nurhafizah
Torrefaction of oil palm frond for enhancing solid fuel properties / Nurhafizah Yaacob
description Researches on potential utilization of lignocellulosic biomass from oil palm residues as energy feedstock has increased significantly due to depleting fossil fuel such as coal. However, due to undesired properties of lignocellulosic biomass such as high moisture content, low energy density and energy content, as well as high bulk density, researchers started to find alternative ways to pretreat them into a useful fuel. Torrefaction technology had been considered by researchers and is acknowledged to enhance the fuel properties of biomass towards an efficient renewable energy feedstock. This research investigates the physicochemical properties of oil palm frond (OPF) at torrefaction temperatures of 200°C, 225°C, 250°C, 275°C, and 300°C at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min holding time at a constant heating rate of 10°C/min. The solid torrefied products were characterized in terms of their chemical composition, heating value, mass and energy yield. The color appearances of the solid torrefied products were also reported. Thermogavimetric Analyser (TGA) and elemental analyser were used to determine the chemical composition as well as to investigate the degradation behaviour of the solid torrefied product. Bomb calorimeter was also used to measure the heating value to calculate energy yield of the torrefied products. As a result, OPF with original heating value of 17.8 MJ/kg was improved to 23.42 MJ/kg after subjected to torrefaction at 300°C. The solid yield decreased while the energy yield increased as torrefaction temperature and holding time increases. However, the effect of torrefaction temperature is much more significant while the effect of holding time becomes more prominent at low torrefaction temperature. The degradation behaviour of lignocellulosic constituents; cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin was discussed through TG and DTG analysis. This research also develops an optimum torrefaction parameters; temperature and holding time by using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotatable design (CCRD). A total of 13 experiments were conducted to optimize the combination effects of the variables. As a result, the regression coefficients of 98.3 and 85.5 for the solid yield and heating value were obtained, respectively. This proved that the RSM based on CCRD is efficiently applicable for the torrefaction study. The result shows that optimum production of solid fuel with enhanced heating value of oil palm frond is obtained at torrefaction temperature of 268°C; holding time of 15 minutes with predicted solid yield and heating value of 70.5% and 21.4 MJ/kg, respectively. This work concludes that a good torrefied OPF can be obtained at a torrefaction temperature higher than 250°C with a holding time 15 minutes.
format Thesis
author Yaacob, Nurhafizah
author_facet Yaacob, Nurhafizah
author_sort Yaacob, Nurhafizah
title Torrefaction of oil palm frond for enhancing solid fuel properties / Nurhafizah Yaacob
title_short Torrefaction of oil palm frond for enhancing solid fuel properties / Nurhafizah Yaacob
title_full Torrefaction of oil palm frond for enhancing solid fuel properties / Nurhafizah Yaacob
title_fullStr Torrefaction of oil palm frond for enhancing solid fuel properties / Nurhafizah Yaacob
title_full_unstemmed Torrefaction of oil palm frond for enhancing solid fuel properties / Nurhafizah Yaacob
title_sort torrefaction of oil palm frond for enhancing solid fuel properties / nurhafizah yaacob
publishDate 2019
url https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/100161/1/100161.pdf
https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/100161/
_version_ 1811598141140500480
score 13.211869

Similar Items