Staff View: Reduction of Radar Cross Section by Adopting Symmetrical Coding Metamaterial Design for Terahertz Frequency Applications

Reduction of Radar Cross Section by Adopting Symmetrical Coding Metamaterial Design for Terahertz Frequency Applications

This work focused on the novel and compact 1-bit symmetrical coding-based metamaterial for radar cross section reduction in terahertz frequencies. A couple of coding particles were constructed to impersonate the elements '0' and '1', which have phase differences of 180. All the a...

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Main Authors:	Ramachandran, Tayaallen, Faruque, M. R. I., Singh, Mandeep, Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin *, Salman, Mohamad, Youssef, Ahmed A.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI 2023
Subjects:	TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Online Access:	http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/2243/1/20.pdf http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/2243/ https://doi.org/10.3390/ ma16031030
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spelling	my.sunway.eprints.22432023-06-15T04:34:40Z http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/2243/ Reduction of Radar Cross Section by Adopting Symmetrical Coding Metamaterial Design for Terahertz Frequency Applications Ramachandran, Tayaallen Faruque, M. R. I. Singh, Mandeep Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin * Salman, Mohamad Youssef, Ahmed A. TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering This work focused on the novel and compact 1-bit symmetrical coding-based metamaterial for radar cross section reduction in terahertz frequencies. A couple of coding particles were constructed to impersonate the elements '0' and '1', which have phase differences of 180. All the analytical simulations were performed by adopting Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio 2019 software. Moreover, the transmission coefficient of the element '1' was examined as well by adopting similar software and validated by a high-frequency structure simulator. Meanwhile, the frequency range from 0 to 3 THz was set in this work. The phase response properties of each element were examined before constructing various coding metamaterial designs in smaller and bigger lattices. The proposed unit cells exhibit phase responses at 0.84 THz and 1.54 THz, respectively. Meanwhile, the analysis of various coding sequences was carried out and they manifest interesting monostatic and bistatic radar cross section (RCS) reduction performances. The Coding Sequence 2 manifests the best bistatic RCS reduction values in smaller lattices, which reduced from −69.8 dBm2 to −65.5 dBm2 at 1.54 THz. On the other hand, the monostatic RCS values for all lattices have an inclined line until they reach a frequency of 1.0 THz from more than −60 dBm2. However, from the 1.0 THz to 3.0 THz frequency range the RCS values have moderate discrepancies among the horizontal line for each lattice. Furthermore, two parametric studies were performed to examine the RCS reduction behaviour, for instance, multi-layer structures and as well tilt positioning of the proposed coding metamaterial. Overall it indicates that the integration of coding-based metamaterial successfully reduced the RCS values. MDPI 2023-01-23 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_4 http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/2243/1/20.pdf Ramachandran, Tayaallen and Faruque, M. R. I. and Singh, Mandeep and Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin * and Salman, Mohamad and Youssef, Ahmed A. (2023) Reduction of Radar Cross Section by Adopting Symmetrical Coding Metamaterial Design for Terahertz Frequency Applications. Materials, 16 (3). ISSN 1996-1944 https://doi.org/10.3390/ ma16031030 10.3390/ ma16031030
institution	Sunway University
building	Sunway Campus Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Sunway University
content_source	Sunway Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/
language	English
topic	TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
spellingShingle	TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Ramachandran, Tayaallen Faruque, M. R. I. Singh, Mandeep Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin * Salman, Mohamad Youssef, Ahmed A. Reduction of Radar Cross Section by Adopting Symmetrical Coding Metamaterial Design for Terahertz Frequency Applications
description	This work focused on the novel and compact 1-bit symmetrical coding-based metamaterial for radar cross section reduction in terahertz frequencies. A couple of coding particles were constructed to impersonate the elements '0' and '1', which have phase differences of 180. All the analytical simulations were performed by adopting Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio 2019 software. Moreover, the transmission coefficient of the element '1' was examined as well by adopting similar software and validated by a high-frequency structure simulator. Meanwhile, the frequency range from 0 to 3 THz was set in this work. The phase response properties of each element were examined before constructing various coding metamaterial designs in smaller and bigger lattices. The proposed unit cells exhibit phase responses at 0.84 THz and 1.54 THz, respectively. Meanwhile, the analysis of various coding sequences was carried out and they manifest interesting monostatic and bistatic radar cross section (RCS) reduction performances. The Coding Sequence 2 manifests the best bistatic RCS reduction values in smaller lattices, which reduced from −69.8 dBm2 to −65.5 dBm2 at 1.54 THz. On the other hand, the monostatic RCS values for all lattices have an inclined line until they reach a frequency of 1.0 THz from more than −60 dBm2. However, from the 1.0 THz to 3.0 THz frequency range the RCS values have moderate discrepancies among the horizontal line for each lattice. Furthermore, two parametric studies were performed to examine the RCS reduction behaviour, for instance, multi-layer structures and as well tilt positioning of the proposed coding metamaterial. Overall it indicates that the integration of coding-based metamaterial successfully reduced the RCS values.
format	Article
author	Ramachandran, Tayaallen Faruque, M. R. I. Singh, Mandeep Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin * Salman, Mohamad Youssef, Ahmed A.
author_facet	Ramachandran, Tayaallen Faruque, M. R. I. Singh, Mandeep Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin * Salman, Mohamad Youssef, Ahmed A.
author_sort	Ramachandran, Tayaallen
title	Reduction of Radar Cross Section by Adopting Symmetrical Coding Metamaterial Design for Terahertz Frequency Applications
title_short	Reduction of Radar Cross Section by Adopting Symmetrical Coding Metamaterial Design for Terahertz Frequency Applications
title_full	Reduction of Radar Cross Section by Adopting Symmetrical Coding Metamaterial Design for Terahertz Frequency Applications
title_fullStr	Reduction of Radar Cross Section by Adopting Symmetrical Coding Metamaterial Design for Terahertz Frequency Applications
title_full_unstemmed	Reduction of Radar Cross Section by Adopting Symmetrical Coding Metamaterial Design for Terahertz Frequency Applications
title_sort	reduction of radar cross section by adopting symmetrical coding metamaterial design for terahertz frequency applications
publisher	MDPI
publishDate	2023
url	http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/2243/1/20.pdf http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/2243/ https://doi.org/10.3390/ ma16031030
_version_	1769846264502943744
score	13.244368

Reduction of Radar Cross Section by Adopting Symmetrical Coding Metamaterial Design for Terahertz Frequency Applications

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