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Novel approach in synthesizing graphene oxide grafted polyethylene glycol via Steglich Esterification

Due to its unique properties, graphene and its derivatives have been actively explored for various biological applications. However, Graphene Oxide (GO) clinical translation has been difficult due to non-specific protein adsorption and poor stability. One way to address this issue is by functionaliz...

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Main Authors: Ismail, Mohamad Wafiuddin, Danial, Wan Hazman, Isa, Ahmad Fida'iy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer Nature 2022
Subjects:
Q Science (General)
QD Chemistry
Online Access:http://irep.iium.edu.my/97889/7/97889_Novel%20approach%20in%20synthesizing%20graphene%20oxide%20grafted.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/97889/
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spelling my.iium.irep.978892022-05-13T03:52:35Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/97889/ Novel approach in synthesizing graphene oxide grafted polyethylene glycol via Steglich Esterification Ismail, Mohamad Wafiuddin Danial, Wan Hazman Isa, Ahmad Fida'iy Q Science (General) QD Chemistry Due to its unique properties, graphene and its derivatives have been actively explored for various biological applications. However, Graphene Oxide (GO) clinical translation has been difficult due to non-specific protein adsorption and poor stability. One way to address this issue is by functionalizing GO with a biocompatible polymer, poly(ethylene glycol), PEG. Despite earlier research, the goal of this study was to establish a new method for functionalizing GO with PEG using the Steglich esterification reaction. In the esterification reaction, the carboxylate end group of PEG underwent coupling reaction with the hydroxyl group of the GO sheet to produce desired ester linkage. The fourier transform infrared spectra showed the presence of C–H stretch and C–O stretch of the PEG backbone at 2927 cm−1 and 1144 cm−1, respectively, confirmed the coupling reaction of GO-g-PEG. In the nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, a multiplet methylene peak of PEG was observed at 2.45 ppm; this peak was shifted up field to a lower ppm due to the presence of a diamagnetic ring of GO. Due to the strong intermolecular interactions between GO and PEG, thermogravimetric analysis of GO-g-PEG reveals improved thermal stability. SEM analysis shows the surface morphology of the PEG embedded on the GO indicating successful interaction via covalent bond formation between GO and the PEG. Based on the manifested result, our proposed methodology successfully showed that the PEG had attached to the hydroxyl group of GO sheets. Springer Nature 2022-05-11 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/97889/7/97889_Novel%20approach%20in%20synthesizing%20graphene%20oxide%20grafted.pdf Ismail, Mohamad Wafiuddin and Danial, Wan Hazman and Isa, Ahmad Fida'iy (2022) Novel approach in synthesizing graphene oxide grafted polyethylene glycol via Steglich Esterification. Polymer Bulletin. doi.org/10.1007/s00289-022-04256-5
institution Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia
building IIUM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider International Islamic University Malaysia
content_source IIUM Repository (IREP)
url_provider http://irep.iium.edu.my/
language English
topic Q Science (General)
QD Chemistry
spellingShingle Q Science (General)
QD Chemistry
Ismail, Mohamad Wafiuddin
Danial, Wan Hazman
Isa, Ahmad Fida'iy
Novel approach in synthesizing graphene oxide grafted polyethylene glycol via Steglich Esterification
description Due to its unique properties, graphene and its derivatives have been actively explored for various biological applications. However, Graphene Oxide (GO) clinical translation has been difficult due to non-specific protein adsorption and poor stability. One way to address this issue is by functionalizing GO with a biocompatible polymer, poly(ethylene glycol), PEG. Despite earlier research, the goal of this study was to establish a new method for functionalizing GO with PEG using the Steglich esterification reaction. In the esterification reaction, the carboxylate end group of PEG underwent coupling reaction with the hydroxyl group of the GO sheet to produce desired ester linkage. The fourier transform infrared spectra showed the presence of C–H stretch and C–O stretch of the PEG backbone at 2927 cm−1 and 1144 cm−1, respectively, confirmed the coupling reaction of GO-g-PEG. In the nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, a multiplet methylene peak of PEG was observed at 2.45 ppm; this peak was shifted up field to a lower ppm due to the presence of a diamagnetic ring of GO. Due to the strong intermolecular interactions between GO and PEG, thermogravimetric analysis of GO-g-PEG reveals improved thermal stability. SEM analysis shows the surface morphology of the PEG embedded on the GO indicating successful interaction via covalent bond formation between GO and the PEG. Based on the manifested result, our proposed methodology successfully showed that the PEG had attached to the hydroxyl group of GO sheets.
format Article
author Ismail, Mohamad Wafiuddin
Danial, Wan Hazman
Isa, Ahmad Fida'iy
author_facet Ismail, Mohamad Wafiuddin
Danial, Wan Hazman
Isa, Ahmad Fida'iy
author_sort Ismail, Mohamad Wafiuddin
title Novel approach in synthesizing graphene oxide grafted polyethylene glycol via Steglich Esterification
title_short Novel approach in synthesizing graphene oxide grafted polyethylene glycol via Steglich Esterification
title_full Novel approach in synthesizing graphene oxide grafted polyethylene glycol via Steglich Esterification
title_fullStr Novel approach in synthesizing graphene oxide grafted polyethylene glycol via Steglich Esterification
title_full_unstemmed Novel approach in synthesizing graphene oxide grafted polyethylene glycol via Steglich Esterification
title_sort novel approach in synthesizing graphene oxide grafted polyethylene glycol via steglich esterification
publisher Springer Nature
publishDate 2022
url http://irep.iium.edu.my/97889/7/97889_Novel%20approach%20in%20synthesizing%20graphene%20oxide%20grafted.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/97889/
_version_ 1732945025240662016
score 13.211869

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