Municipal solid waste and palm kernel shell mixture as feedstock in the gasification process
One of the renewable and sustainable energy sources to replace polluting fossil fuels is residues of municipal solids and biomass. The efficient management of this energy will help to solve the problems associated with fossil fuels. There are several routes to convert biomass into useful products de...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IIUM Press
2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/93823/7/93823_Municipal%20solid%20waste%20and%20palm%20kernel%20shell%20mixture.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/93823/ https://journals.iium.edu.my/bnrej/index.php/bnrej/article/download/53/44/652 |
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| Summary: | One of the renewable and sustainable energy sources to replace polluting fossil fuels is residues of municipal solids and biomass. The efficient management of this energy will help to solve the problems associated with fossil fuels. There are several routes to convert biomass into useful products depending on the biomass characteristics and the need of end product and its applications. Biomass gasification has considered being the preferred viable option to transform a variety of biomass feedstock. This study highlights the possibility of mixing biomass (palm kernel shell) and municipal solid waste (MSW) to make clean energy that regards the environment (climate change) and sustainable development. Chosen components of MSW, specifically plastics, textiles, foam, and cardboard mixed with PKS in desired proportions. Volatiles, and ash moisture content, have moderate concentrations that do not negatively influence the gasification process, according to the study results. The study established that the mixture MSW and PKS can be a raw material for the gasification process. Depending on the calorific value, this varies from 21.13 MJ / kg to 28.82 MJ / kg for an MSW + PKS ratio of 0.25 to 1.5 respectively. We found other polluting elements such as Chlorine (0.064 wt.% to 0.171wt.%), Sulfur 0.321wt.% to 0.512 wt. %. Elements such as antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), bromine (Br), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) were not found in any of the elements analyzed. Those who are present are within the standards set by the competent services. Therefore, this mixture of MSW and PKS can replace the polluting and depleting fossil fuel in the gasification process with little to no impact on the environment. |
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