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Mesoporous TiO2 implanted ZnO QDs for the photodegradation of tetracycline: material design, structural characterization and photodegradation mechanism

A sol-gel method was used to prepare a mesoporous TiO2 implanted with a ZnO quantum dot photocatalyst (TZQ) for the photodegradation of tetracycline (TC) under fluorescent light irradia�tion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the presence of cavities on the photocatalyst surface due to the u...

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Main Authors: Iqbal, Anwar, Saidu, Usman, Sreekantan, Srimala, Ahmad, Mohammad Norazmi, Rashid, Marzaini, Ahmed, Naser M., Danial, Wan Hazman, Wilson, Lee D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2021
Subjects:
QD Chemistry
Online Access:http://irep.iium.edu.my/92929/7/92929_Mesoporous%20TiO2%20implanted%20ZnO%20QDs.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/92929/
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/10/1205/htm
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spelling my.iium.irep.929292021-10-11T02:57:48Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/92929/ Mesoporous TiO2 implanted ZnO QDs for the photodegradation of tetracycline: material design, structural characterization and photodegradation mechanism Iqbal, Anwar Saidu, Usman Sreekantan, Srimala Ahmad, Mohammad Norazmi Rashid, Marzaini Ahmed, Naser M. Danial, Wan Hazman Wilson, Lee D. QD Chemistry A sol-gel method was used to prepare a mesoporous TiO2 implanted with a ZnO quantum dot photocatalyst (TZQ) for the photodegradation of tetracycline (TC) under fluorescent light irradia�tion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the presence of cavities on the photocatalyst surface due to the use of starch as a synthetic template, where the nitrogen sorption results indicate that TZQ contains mesopores with reduced size (ca. 4.3 nm) versus the pore size of the parent meso-TiO2 (ca. 7.5 nm). The addition of ZnO quantum dots (QDs) resulted in spherically-shaped binary composite particles in layers onto the surface of TiO2. The coexistence of the ZnO QDs and TiO2 phase was observed using high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The photodegradation of TC was carried out in a homemade reactor equipped with two fluorescent lights (24 W each) and within 90 min of irradiation, 94.6% of TC (40 mg L−1) was photodegraded using 250 mg L−1 of TZQ at pH 9. The major reactive oxygen species identified from the scavenging tests were O2 •− followed by HO•. The deconvolution of the photoluminescence spectrum of TZQ indicates the presence of a strong quantum confinement effect (QCE) of the ZnO QDs, a defect related to Ti-species and oxygen. The analysis of the intermediates detected by LC-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS) suggest two photodegradation pathways. The pathways were validated using the Fukui function approach and the Wheland localisation approach. This simple and efficient photocatalytic technology is anticipated to benefit small-scale animal husbandries and aquaculture operators that have limited access to sustainable water treatment technology Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2021-10-08 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/92929/7/92929_Mesoporous%20TiO2%20implanted%20ZnO%20QDs.pdf Iqbal, Anwar and Saidu, Usman and Sreekantan, Srimala and Ahmad, Mohammad Norazmi and Rashid, Marzaini and Ahmed, Naser M. and Danial, Wan Hazman and Wilson, Lee D. (2021) Mesoporous TiO2 implanted ZnO QDs for the photodegradation of tetracycline: material design, structural characterization and photodegradation mechanism. Catalysts, 11 (11). pp. 1-21. ISSN 2073-4344 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/10/1205/htm
institution Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia
building IIUM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider International Islamic University Malaysia
content_source IIUM Repository (IREP)
url_provider http://irep.iium.edu.my/
language English
topic QD Chemistry
spellingShingle QD Chemistry
Iqbal, Anwar
Saidu, Usman
Sreekantan, Srimala
Ahmad, Mohammad Norazmi
Rashid, Marzaini
Ahmed, Naser M.
Danial, Wan Hazman
Wilson, Lee D.
Mesoporous TiO2 implanted ZnO QDs for the photodegradation of tetracycline: material design, structural characterization and photodegradation mechanism
description A sol-gel method was used to prepare a mesoporous TiO2 implanted with a ZnO quantum dot photocatalyst (TZQ) for the photodegradation of tetracycline (TC) under fluorescent light irradia�tion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the presence of cavities on the photocatalyst surface due to the use of starch as a synthetic template, where the nitrogen sorption results indicate that TZQ contains mesopores with reduced size (ca. 4.3 nm) versus the pore size of the parent meso-TiO2 (ca. 7.5 nm). The addition of ZnO quantum dots (QDs) resulted in spherically-shaped binary composite particles in layers onto the surface of TiO2. The coexistence of the ZnO QDs and TiO2 phase was observed using high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The photodegradation of TC was carried out in a homemade reactor equipped with two fluorescent lights (24 W each) and within 90 min of irradiation, 94.6% of TC (40 mg L−1) was photodegraded using 250 mg L−1 of TZQ at pH 9. The major reactive oxygen species identified from the scavenging tests were O2 •− followed by HO•. The deconvolution of the photoluminescence spectrum of TZQ indicates the presence of a strong quantum confinement effect (QCE) of the ZnO QDs, a defect related to Ti-species and oxygen. The analysis of the intermediates detected by LC-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS) suggest two photodegradation pathways. The pathways were validated using the Fukui function approach and the Wheland localisation approach. This simple and efficient photocatalytic technology is anticipated to benefit small-scale animal husbandries and aquaculture operators that have limited access to sustainable water treatment technology
format Article
author Iqbal, Anwar
Saidu, Usman
Sreekantan, Srimala
Ahmad, Mohammad Norazmi
Rashid, Marzaini
Ahmed, Naser M.
Danial, Wan Hazman
Wilson, Lee D.
author_facet Iqbal, Anwar
Saidu, Usman
Sreekantan, Srimala
Ahmad, Mohammad Norazmi
Rashid, Marzaini
Ahmed, Naser M.
Danial, Wan Hazman
Wilson, Lee D.
author_sort Iqbal, Anwar
title Mesoporous TiO2 implanted ZnO QDs for the photodegradation of tetracycline: material design, structural characterization and photodegradation mechanism
title_short Mesoporous TiO2 implanted ZnO QDs for the photodegradation of tetracycline: material design, structural characterization and photodegradation mechanism
title_full Mesoporous TiO2 implanted ZnO QDs for the photodegradation of tetracycline: material design, structural characterization and photodegradation mechanism
title_fullStr Mesoporous TiO2 implanted ZnO QDs for the photodegradation of tetracycline: material design, structural characterization and photodegradation mechanism
title_full_unstemmed Mesoporous TiO2 implanted ZnO QDs for the photodegradation of tetracycline: material design, structural characterization and photodegradation mechanism
title_sort mesoporous tio2 implanted zno qds for the photodegradation of tetracycline: material design, structural characterization and photodegradation mechanism
publisher Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
publishDate 2021
url http://irep.iium.edu.my/92929/7/92929_Mesoporous%20TiO2%20implanted%20ZnO%20QDs.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/92929/
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/10/1205/htm
_version_ 1715189396006764544
score 13.211869

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