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Mechanical properties, morphology and hydrolytic degradation behavior of polylactic acid / thermoplastic polyurethane blends

Polylactic acid (PLA) has attracted tremendous interest to be utilized as the replacement for petroleum-based polymers as it possesses good biodegradability, can be derived from renewable sources, and shows high mechanical strength. However, its inherent brittleness and low toughness has limited its...

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Main Authors: Buys, Yose Fachmi, Ahmad, Mimi Syakina, Anuar, Hazleen, Mahmud, Mudrikah Sofia, Mohd Nasir, Nur Aimi
Format: Article
Language:English
English
English
Published: IIUM Journal Publication Unit 2020
Subjects:
TS1870 Rubber industry
Online Access:http://irep.iium.edu.my/79058/7/79058%20MECHANICAL%20PROPERTIES%2C%20MORPHOLOGY%2C%20AND%20HYDROLYTIC.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/79058/12/79058_Mechanical%20properties%2C%20morphology%20and%20hydrolytic_wos.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/79058/18/79058_Mechanical%20properties%2C%20morphology%20and%20hydrolytic%20degradation%20behavior_Scopus.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/79058/
https://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal/index.php/iiumej/article/view/1051/726
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id my.iium.irep.79058
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institution Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia
building IIUM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider International Islamic University Malaysia
content_source IIUM Repository (IREP)
url_provider http://irep.iium.edu.my/
language English
English
English
topic TS1870 Rubber industry
spellingShingle TS1870 Rubber industry
Buys, Yose Fachmi
Ahmad, Mimi Syakina
Anuar, Hazleen
Mahmud, Mudrikah Sofia
Mohd Nasir, Nur Aimi
Mechanical properties, morphology and hydrolytic degradation behavior of polylactic acid / thermoplastic polyurethane blends
description Polylactic acid (PLA) has attracted tremendous interest to be utilized as the replacement for petroleum-based polymers as it possesses good biodegradability, can be derived from renewable sources, and shows high mechanical strength. However, its inherent brittleness and low toughness has limited its usage in broader applications. In this work, PLA was melt blended with tough thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) in order to produce eco-friendly polymeric materials with balanced mechanical properties. Moreover, the miscibility and the hydrolytic degradation behaviour of PLA/TPU blends were also investigated as it is important to control material degradation behaviour in some applications. Five compositions of specimens, i.e. neat PLA, PLA/TPU 75/25 vol%, PLA/TPU 50/50 vol%, PLA/TPU 25/75 vol%, and neat TPU, were prepared by melt blending PLA with TPU using an internal mixer, followed by compression moulding. Tensile and impact tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties. From the tests, it was apparent that the elongation-at-break and impact strength of the blends increased as the TPU content increased. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation were conducted to evaluate the miscibility of PLA/TPU blends. DMA results of the blends revealed two tangent delta peaks, indicating that the blends were immiscible, and the SEM micrographs supported this trend. Finally, hydrolytic degradation behaviour of PLA, TPU and PLA/TPU blends was investigated by measuring the weight loss after immersion of the specimens in alkaline solution at a predetermined time, i.e. every 24 hours for up to 8 days. It was found that the degradation behaviour is affected by blend composition, where PLA/TPU 50/50 vol% showed the fastest degradation rate. This result might be ascribed to the co-continuous morphology shown in the PLA/TPU blend 50/50 vol%. ************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************ Polilaktik asid (PLA) telah menarik banyak minat untuk digunakan sebagai pengganti polimer berasaskan petroleum, kerana ia mempunyai biodegradabiliti yang baik, boleh diperolehi daripada sumber yang boleh diperbaharui, dan mempunyai kekuatan mekanikal yang tinggi. Walau bagaimanapun, kerapuhan dan keliatannya yang rendah telah menghadkan penggunaannya dalam aplikasi yang lebih luas. Dalam kajian ini, leburan PLA dicampurkan dengan poliuretan thermoplastik (TPU) bagi menghasilkan bahan polimer yang mesra alam beserta dengan sifat-sifat mekanikal yang seimbang. Selain itu, daya kebolehcampuran dan degradasi hidrolitik daripada campuran PLA/ TPU juga telah dikaji kerana bagi sesetengah aplikasi, faktor degradasi adalah sangat penting. Bagi menghasilkan lima komposisi sampel, iaitu PLA tulen, PLA/TPU 75/25 vol%, PLA/TPU 50/50 vol%, PLA/TPU 25/75 vol%, dan TPU tulen, PLA dan TPU telah dicairkan dan diadun menggunakan mesin pencampur internal, diikuti dengan kaedah pengacuan kompresi. Untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat mekanikal, ujian regangan dan impak telah dijalankan. Hasil ujian tersebut menunjukkan peningkatan nilai pemanjangan pada titik putus dan kekuatan impak, seiring dengan peningkatan komposisi TPU. Manakala, penilaian daya kebolehcampuran diantara PLA dan TPU dijalankan menggunakan analisis mekanikal dinamik (DMA) dan mikroskop pengimbas elektron (SEM). Keputusan DMA, hasil daripada campuran tersebut mendedahkan dua puncak tangen delta, menunjukkan bahawa dua campuran tersebut tidak memiliki daya bolehcampur yang baik. Kesimpulan ini disokong pula oleh gambar mikro dari hasil ujian SEM. Akhir sekali, degradasi hidrolitik PLA, TPU dan campuran PLA/TPU dikaji melalui pengukuran berat sampel setelah direndam di dalam larutan alkali pada masa yang ditetapkan, iaitu setiap 24 jam sehingga 8 hari. Hasil daripada ujian tersebut mendapati degradasi hidrolitik dipengaruhi oleh komposisi campuran. Campuran PLA/TPU dengan komposisi 50/50 vol% menunjukkan kadar penurunan berat yang paling cepat. Hasil ujian ini mungkin boleh dikaitkan dengan sifat morfologi co-continuous yang ditunjukkan dalam campuran PLA/TPU 50/50 vol%.
format Article
author Buys, Yose Fachmi
Ahmad, Mimi Syakina
Anuar, Hazleen
Mahmud, Mudrikah Sofia
Mohd Nasir, Nur Aimi
author_facet Buys, Yose Fachmi
Ahmad, Mimi Syakina
Anuar, Hazleen
Mahmud, Mudrikah Sofia
Mohd Nasir, Nur Aimi
author_sort Buys, Yose Fachmi
title Mechanical properties, morphology and hydrolytic degradation behavior of polylactic acid / thermoplastic polyurethane blends
title_short Mechanical properties, morphology and hydrolytic degradation behavior of polylactic acid / thermoplastic polyurethane blends
title_full Mechanical properties, morphology and hydrolytic degradation behavior of polylactic acid / thermoplastic polyurethane blends
title_fullStr Mechanical properties, morphology and hydrolytic degradation behavior of polylactic acid / thermoplastic polyurethane blends
title_full_unstemmed Mechanical properties, morphology and hydrolytic degradation behavior of polylactic acid / thermoplastic polyurethane blends
title_sort mechanical properties, morphology and hydrolytic degradation behavior of polylactic acid / thermoplastic polyurethane blends
publisher IIUM Journal Publication Unit
publishDate 2020
url http://irep.iium.edu.my/79058/7/79058%20MECHANICAL%20PROPERTIES%2C%20MORPHOLOGY%2C%20AND%20HYDROLYTIC.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/79058/12/79058_Mechanical%20properties%2C%20morphology%20and%20hydrolytic_wos.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/79058/18/79058_Mechanical%20properties%2C%20morphology%20and%20hydrolytic%20degradation%20behavior_Scopus.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/79058/
https://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal/index.php/iiumej/article/view/1051/726
_version_ 1696976062817239040
spelling my.iium.irep.790582021-04-02T02:58:27Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/79058/ Mechanical properties, morphology and hydrolytic degradation behavior of polylactic acid / thermoplastic polyurethane blends Buys, Yose Fachmi Ahmad, Mimi Syakina Anuar, Hazleen Mahmud, Mudrikah Sofia Mohd Nasir, Nur Aimi TS1870 Rubber industry Polylactic acid (PLA) has attracted tremendous interest to be utilized as the replacement for petroleum-based polymers as it possesses good biodegradability, can be derived from renewable sources, and shows high mechanical strength. However, its inherent brittleness and low toughness has limited its usage in broader applications. In this work, PLA was melt blended with tough thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) in order to produce eco-friendly polymeric materials with balanced mechanical properties. Moreover, the miscibility and the hydrolytic degradation behaviour of PLA/TPU blends were also investigated as it is important to control material degradation behaviour in some applications. Five compositions of specimens, i.e. neat PLA, PLA/TPU 75/25 vol%, PLA/TPU 50/50 vol%, PLA/TPU 25/75 vol%, and neat TPU, were prepared by melt blending PLA with TPU using an internal mixer, followed by compression moulding. Tensile and impact tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties. From the tests, it was apparent that the elongation-at-break and impact strength of the blends increased as the TPU content increased. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation were conducted to evaluate the miscibility of PLA/TPU blends. DMA results of the blends revealed two tangent delta peaks, indicating that the blends were immiscible, and the SEM micrographs supported this trend. Finally, hydrolytic degradation behaviour of PLA, TPU and PLA/TPU blends was investigated by measuring the weight loss after immersion of the specimens in alkaline solution at a predetermined time, i.e. every 24 hours for up to 8 days. It was found that the degradation behaviour is affected by blend composition, where PLA/TPU 50/50 vol% showed the fastest degradation rate. This result might be ascribed to the co-continuous morphology shown in the PLA/TPU blend 50/50 vol%. ************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************ Polilaktik asid (PLA) telah menarik banyak minat untuk digunakan sebagai pengganti polimer berasaskan petroleum, kerana ia mempunyai biodegradabiliti yang baik, boleh diperolehi daripada sumber yang boleh diperbaharui, dan mempunyai kekuatan mekanikal yang tinggi. Walau bagaimanapun, kerapuhan dan keliatannya yang rendah telah menghadkan penggunaannya dalam aplikasi yang lebih luas. Dalam kajian ini, leburan PLA dicampurkan dengan poliuretan thermoplastik (TPU) bagi menghasilkan bahan polimer yang mesra alam beserta dengan sifat-sifat mekanikal yang seimbang. Selain itu, daya kebolehcampuran dan degradasi hidrolitik daripada campuran PLA/ TPU juga telah dikaji kerana bagi sesetengah aplikasi, faktor degradasi adalah sangat penting. Bagi menghasilkan lima komposisi sampel, iaitu PLA tulen, PLA/TPU 75/25 vol%, PLA/TPU 50/50 vol%, PLA/TPU 25/75 vol%, dan TPU tulen, PLA dan TPU telah dicairkan dan diadun menggunakan mesin pencampur internal, diikuti dengan kaedah pengacuan kompresi. Untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat mekanikal, ujian regangan dan impak telah dijalankan. Hasil ujian tersebut menunjukkan peningkatan nilai pemanjangan pada titik putus dan kekuatan impak, seiring dengan peningkatan komposisi TPU. Manakala, penilaian daya kebolehcampuran diantara PLA dan TPU dijalankan menggunakan analisis mekanikal dinamik (DMA) dan mikroskop pengimbas elektron (SEM). Keputusan DMA, hasil daripada campuran tersebut mendedahkan dua puncak tangen delta, menunjukkan bahawa dua campuran tersebut tidak memiliki daya bolehcampur yang baik. Kesimpulan ini disokong pula oleh gambar mikro dari hasil ujian SEM. Akhir sekali, degradasi hidrolitik PLA, TPU dan campuran PLA/TPU dikaji melalui pengukuran berat sampel setelah direndam di dalam larutan alkali pada masa yang ditetapkan, iaitu setiap 24 jam sehingga 8 hari. Hasil daripada ujian tersebut mendapati degradasi hidrolitik dipengaruhi oleh komposisi campuran. Campuran PLA/TPU dengan komposisi 50/50 vol% menunjukkan kadar penurunan berat yang paling cepat. Hasil ujian ini mungkin boleh dikaitkan dengan sifat morfologi co-continuous yang ditunjukkan dalam campuran PLA/TPU 50/50 vol%. IIUM Journal Publication Unit 2020-01-20 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/79058/7/79058%20MECHANICAL%20PROPERTIES%2C%20MORPHOLOGY%2C%20AND%20HYDROLYTIC.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/79058/12/79058_Mechanical%20properties%2C%20morphology%20and%20hydrolytic_wos.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/79058/18/79058_Mechanical%20properties%2C%20morphology%20and%20hydrolytic%20degradation%20behavior_Scopus.pdf Buys, Yose Fachmi and Ahmad, Mimi Syakina and Anuar, Hazleen and Mahmud, Mudrikah Sofia and Mohd Nasir, Nur Aimi (2020) Mechanical properties, morphology and hydrolytic degradation behavior of polylactic acid / thermoplastic polyurethane blends. IIUM Engineering Journal, 21 (1). pp. 193-201. ISSN 1511-788X E-ISSN 2289-7860 https://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal/index.php/iiumej/article/view/1051/726 10.31436/iiumej.v21i1.1051
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