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In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand

Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus are two species of krait found in Southeast Asia. Envenoming by these snakes is often characterized by neurotoxicity and, without treatment, causes considerable morbidity and mortality. In this study, the in vitro neurotoxicity of each species, and the effect...

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Main Authors: Asmad Rusmili, Muhamad Rusdi, Ting, Tee Yee, Mustafa, Mohd Rais, Othman, Iekhsan, Hodgson, Wayne C.
Format: Article
Language:English
English
Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2014
Subjects:
RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Online Access:http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/1/toxins-06-01036.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/4/37135_In-vitro%20neurotoxicity%20of%20two%20Malaysian.SCOPUSpdf.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/6/3/1036
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spelling my.iium.irep.37135 http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/ In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand Asmad Rusmili, Muhamad Rusdi Ting, Tee Yee Mustafa, Mohd Rais Othman, Iekhsan Hodgson, Wayne C. RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus are two species of krait found in Southeast Asia. Envenoming by these snakes is often characterized by neurotoxicity and, without treatment, causes considerable morbidity and mortality. In this study, the in vitro neurotoxicity of each species, and the effectiveness of two monovalent antivenoms and a polyvalent antivenom, against the neurotoxic effects of the venoms, were examined in a skeletal muscle preparation. Both venoms caused concentration-dependent inhibition of indirect twitches, and attenuated responses to exogenous nicotinic receptor agonists, in the chick biventer preparation, with B. candidus venom being more potent than B. fasciatus venom. SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis indicated different profiles between the venoms. Despite these differences, most proteins bands were recognized by all three antivenoms. Antivenom, added prior to the venoms, attenuated the neurotoxic effect of the venoms. Interestingly, the respective monovalent antivenoms did not neutralize the effects of the venom from the other Bungarus species indicating a relative absence of cross-neutralization. Addition of a high concentration of polyvalent antivenom, at the t90 time point after addition of venom, partially reversed the neurotoxicity of B. fasciatus venom but not B. candidus venom. The monovalent antivenoms had no significant effect when added at the t90 time point. This study showed that B. candidus and B. fasciatus venoms display marked in vitro neurotoxicity in the chick biventer preparation and administration of antivenoms at high dose is necessary to prevent or reverse neurotoxicity. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2014-03-12 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/1/toxins-06-01036.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/4/37135_In-vitro%20neurotoxicity%20of%20two%20Malaysian.SCOPUSpdf.pdf Asmad Rusmili, Muhamad Rusdi and Ting, Tee Yee and Mustafa, Mohd Rais and Othman, Iekhsan and Hodgson, Wayne C. (2014) In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand. Toxins, 6 (3). pp. 1036-1048. ISSN 2072-6651 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/6/3/1036 10.3390/toxins6031036
institution Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia
building IIUM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider International Islamic University Malaysia
content_source IIUM Repository (IREP)
url_provider http://irep.iium.edu.my/
language English
English
topic RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
spellingShingle RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Asmad Rusmili, Muhamad Rusdi
Ting, Tee Yee
Mustafa, Mohd Rais
Othman, Iekhsan
Hodgson, Wayne C.
In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand
description Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus are two species of krait found in Southeast Asia. Envenoming by these snakes is often characterized by neurotoxicity and, without treatment, causes considerable morbidity and mortality. In this study, the in vitro neurotoxicity of each species, and the effectiveness of two monovalent antivenoms and a polyvalent antivenom, against the neurotoxic effects of the venoms, were examined in a skeletal muscle preparation. Both venoms caused concentration-dependent inhibition of indirect twitches, and attenuated responses to exogenous nicotinic receptor agonists, in the chick biventer preparation, with B. candidus venom being more potent than B. fasciatus venom. SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis indicated different profiles between the venoms. Despite these differences, most proteins bands were recognized by all three antivenoms. Antivenom, added prior to the venoms, attenuated the neurotoxic effect of the venoms. Interestingly, the respective monovalent antivenoms did not neutralize the effects of the venom from the other Bungarus species indicating a relative absence of cross-neutralization. Addition of a high concentration of polyvalent antivenom, at the t90 time point after addition of venom, partially reversed the neurotoxicity of B. fasciatus venom but not B. candidus venom. The monovalent antivenoms had no significant effect when added at the t90 time point. This study showed that B. candidus and B. fasciatus venoms display marked in vitro neurotoxicity in the chick biventer preparation and administration of antivenoms at high dose is necessary to prevent or reverse neurotoxicity.
format Article
author Asmad Rusmili, Muhamad Rusdi
Ting, Tee Yee
Mustafa, Mohd Rais
Othman, Iekhsan
Hodgson, Wayne C.
author_facet Asmad Rusmili, Muhamad Rusdi
Ting, Tee Yee
Mustafa, Mohd Rais
Othman, Iekhsan
Hodgson, Wayne C.
author_sort Asmad Rusmili, Muhamad Rusdi
title In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand
title_short In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand
title_full In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand
title_fullStr In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand
title_full_unstemmed In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand
title_sort in-vitro neurotoxicity of two malaysian krait species (bungarus candidus and bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from thailand
publisher Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
publishDate 2014
url http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/1/toxins-06-01036.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/4/37135_In-vitro%20neurotoxicity%20of%20two%20Malaysian.SCOPUSpdf.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/6/3/1036
_version_ 1643616640760283136
score 13.222552

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