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Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review

1. Introduction Antibiotic resistance in microbes is a growing issue of human health. The extraordinary ability of microbes to develop resistance to various antibiotics attracted evolutionary scientists and environmental biologists in recent years. Historically, the use of antimicrobial agents s...

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Main Authors: Khan Chowdhury, Ahmed Jalal, John, Akbar, Yunus, Kamaruzzaman, K., Kathiresan
Format: Book Chapter
Language:English
Published: InTech 2012
Subjects:
QH301 Biology
Online Access:http://irep.iium.edu.my/23834/1/Emergence_of_antibiotic_resistance_bacteria_from_coastal.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/23834/
http://www.intechopen.com/books/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-a-continuous-challenge-in-the-new-millennium
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spelling my.iium.irep.238342017-12-07T04:31:03Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/23834/ Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review Khan Chowdhury, Ahmed Jalal John, Akbar Yunus, Kamaruzzaman K., Kathiresan QH301 Biology 1. Introduction Antibiotic resistance in microbes is a growing issue of human health. The extraordinary ability of microbes to develop resistance to various antibiotics attracted evolutionary scientists and environmental biologists in recent years. Historically, the use of antimicrobial agents started in 1904 with the discovery of Tripan red by Ehrlich and Shiga (Browning & Gulbransen, 1936). In 1929, penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming when his group found that the fungus Penicilium notatum produces a very selective inhibitor for Staphylococcus sp. Fleming’s discovery showed that not only synthetic agents like Ehrlich’s “Magic Bullet” but also a microbial product can be an effective antimicrobial drug (Hare, 1970). In 1943, Waksman started to use the word “antibiotics” when he discovered streptomycin (Wainwright, 1988). After the initial age of discovery and since the 1970s many antimicrobial agents have been developed together with the discoveries of new antibiotics. It is well documented that the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacterial strains is a direct consequence of natural selection applied by widespread use of antibiotic drugs (Benveniste & Davies, 1973). The providential experiment by Fleming demonstrated the production of antibiotics (Penicillin) which eventually led to its large-scale production from mold Penicillium notatum in the 1940s. As early as the late 1940s resistant strains of bacteria began to appear due to their extraordinary ability in gaining resistance towards any particular antibiotics with elapsing generation (Shoemaker et al., 2001; Chopra & Roberts et al., 2001; Doern et al., 2001). In 1980 it was estimated that 3–5% of S. pneumoniae were penicillin-resistant and by 1998, 34% of the S. pneumoniae sampled were resistant to penicillin. Currently, it is estimated that more than 70% of the bacteria that cause hospitalacquired infections are resistant to at least one of the antibiotics used to treat them (NIAID, 2006). InTech 2012 Book Chapter REM application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/23834/1/Emergence_of_antibiotic_resistance_bacteria_from_coastal.pdf Khan Chowdhury, Ahmed Jalal and John, Akbar and Yunus, Kamaruzzaman and K., Kathiresan (2012) Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review. In: Antibiotic resistance bacteria: a continuous challenge in the new millennium. InTech, Rijeka, Croatia, pp. 143-158. ISBN 9789535104728 http://www.intechopen.com/books/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-a-continuous-challenge-in-the-new-millennium
institution Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia
building IIUM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider International Islamic University Malaysia
content_source IIUM Repository (IREP)
url_provider http://irep.iium.edu.my/
language English
topic QH301 Biology
spellingShingle QH301 Biology
Khan Chowdhury, Ahmed Jalal
John, Akbar
Yunus, Kamaruzzaman
K., Kathiresan
Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review
description 1. Introduction Antibiotic resistance in microbes is a growing issue of human health. The extraordinary ability of microbes to develop resistance to various antibiotics attracted evolutionary scientists and environmental biologists in recent years. Historically, the use of antimicrobial agents started in 1904 with the discovery of Tripan red by Ehrlich and Shiga (Browning & Gulbransen, 1936). In 1929, penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming when his group found that the fungus Penicilium notatum produces a very selective inhibitor for Staphylococcus sp. Fleming’s discovery showed that not only synthetic agents like Ehrlich’s “Magic Bullet” but also a microbial product can be an effective antimicrobial drug (Hare, 1970). In 1943, Waksman started to use the word “antibiotics” when he discovered streptomycin (Wainwright, 1988). After the initial age of discovery and since the 1970s many antimicrobial agents have been developed together with the discoveries of new antibiotics. It is well documented that the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacterial strains is a direct consequence of natural selection applied by widespread use of antibiotic drugs (Benveniste & Davies, 1973). The providential experiment by Fleming demonstrated the production of antibiotics (Penicillin) which eventually led to its large-scale production from mold Penicillium notatum in the 1940s. As early as the late 1940s resistant strains of bacteria began to appear due to their extraordinary ability in gaining resistance towards any particular antibiotics with elapsing generation (Shoemaker et al., 2001; Chopra & Roberts et al., 2001; Doern et al., 2001). In 1980 it was estimated that 3–5% of S. pneumoniae were penicillin-resistant and by 1998, 34% of the S. pneumoniae sampled were resistant to penicillin. Currently, it is estimated that more than 70% of the bacteria that cause hospitalacquired infections are resistant to at least one of the antibiotics used to treat them (NIAID, 2006).
format Book Chapter
author Khan Chowdhury, Ahmed Jalal
John, Akbar
Yunus, Kamaruzzaman
K., Kathiresan
author_facet Khan Chowdhury, Ahmed Jalal
John, Akbar
Yunus, Kamaruzzaman
K., Kathiresan
author_sort Khan Chowdhury, Ahmed Jalal
title Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review
title_short Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review
title_full Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review
title_fullStr Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review
title_full_unstemmed Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review
title_sort emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review
publisher InTech
publishDate 2012
url http://irep.iium.edu.my/23834/1/Emergence_of_antibiotic_resistance_bacteria_from_coastal.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/23834/
http://www.intechopen.com/books/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-a-continuous-challenge-in-the-new-millennium
_version_ 1643608657775034368
score 13.211869

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