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Religious tolerance in Southeast Asia: issues and challenges

In the contemporary global landscape, religious tolerance has emerged as a critical issue across both Muslim-majority and non-Muslim countries. Shared concerns, such as freedom of religion, conversion, freedom of worship and propagation, and violence stemming from religious misunderstandings—inclu...

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Main Authors:	Gamon, Alizaman Dumangcag, Wahyono, Zubaidi, U Tun Aung, Maulana Akbar Shah
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	IIUM Journal 2024
Subjects:	H Social Sciences (General)
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/117520/1/Religious%20tolerance%20in%20southeast%20asia-%20Issues%20and%20challenges.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/117520/ https://journals.iium.edu.my/al-itqan/index.php/al-itqan
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spelling	my.iium.irep.1175202024-12-31T03:05:29Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/117520/ Religious tolerance in Southeast Asia: issues and challenges Gamon, Alizaman Dumangcag Wahyono, Zubaidi U Tun Aung, Maulana Akbar Shah H Social Sciences (General) In the contemporary global landscape, religious tolerance has emerged as a critical issue across both Muslim-majority and non-Muslim countries. Shared concerns, such as freedom of religion, conversion, freedom of worship and propagation, and violence stemming from religious misunderstandings—including extremism and terrorism—have garnered significant global attention. Addressing these issues is vital for fostering peaceful coexistence and understanding among diverse religious communities. The objective of the study is to understand the concept of tolerance and how it is applied in Southeast Asian countries, particularly in the national policies of Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Philippines. These policies provide public space for religious tolerance, thereby opening the door for the protection of freedom of religion and addressing other religious issues currently taking place in the region. Given the socio-political and religious dynamics in the region, this study aims to investigate the underlying causes of conflicts, insurgencies, terrorism, and religious tensions. By identifying these root causes, the research seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex factors driving instability and violence in the area. This study offers a thorough analysis of various perspectives on religious tolerance within the ASEAN region, framed through the lens of multiculturalism. By integrating contemporary literature with detailed field observations, the study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of how religious tolerance is reflected and practiced in the constitutions, national laws, and policies of the member countries. The study reveals that instances of intolerance, extremism, conflict, and violence observed across the region are predominantly influenced by economic, social, and political factors, rather than being primarily motivated by religious concerns. In summary, the study argues that attributing conflict, violence, and extremism to the teachings of a religion—which typically promotes love, peace, and mutual respect—misconstrues the root causes. The findings suggest that economic and social inequalities, ethnicism, and political policies are more significant factors contributing to the national instability experienced across the region. IIUM Journal 2024-12 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/117520/1/Religious%20tolerance%20in%20southeast%20asia-%20Issues%20and%20challenges.pdf Gamon, Alizaman Dumangcag and Wahyono, Zubaidi and U Tun Aung, Maulana Akbar Shah (2024) Religious tolerance in Southeast Asia: issues and challenges. AL-ITQĀN: Journal of Islamic Sciences and Comparative Studies, 9 (2). pp. 24-53. E-ISSN eISSN 2600-8432 https://journals.iium.edu.my/al-itqan/index.php/al-itqan
institution	Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia
building	IIUM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	International Islamic University Malaysia
content_source	IIUM Repository (IREP)
url_provider	http://irep.iium.edu.my/
language	English
topic	H Social Sciences (General)
spellingShingle	H Social Sciences (General) Gamon, Alizaman Dumangcag Wahyono, Zubaidi U Tun Aung, Maulana Akbar Shah Religious tolerance in Southeast Asia: issues and challenges
description	In the contemporary global landscape, religious tolerance has emerged as a critical issue across both Muslim-majority and non-Muslim countries. Shared concerns, such as freedom of religion, conversion, freedom of worship and propagation, and violence stemming from religious misunderstandings—including extremism and terrorism—have garnered significant global attention. Addressing these issues is vital for fostering peaceful coexistence and understanding among diverse religious communities. The objective of the study is to understand the concept of tolerance and how it is applied in Southeast Asian countries, particularly in the national policies of Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Philippines. These policies provide public space for religious tolerance, thereby opening the door for the protection of freedom of religion and addressing other religious issues currently taking place in the region. Given the socio-political and religious dynamics in the region, this study aims to investigate the underlying causes of conflicts, insurgencies, terrorism, and religious tensions. By identifying these root causes, the research seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex factors driving instability and violence in the area. This study offers a thorough analysis of various perspectives on religious tolerance within the ASEAN region, framed through the lens of multiculturalism. By integrating contemporary literature with detailed field observations, the study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of how religious tolerance is reflected and practiced in the constitutions, national laws, and policies of the member countries. The study reveals that instances of intolerance, extremism, conflict, and violence observed across the region are predominantly influenced by economic, social, and political factors, rather than being primarily motivated by religious concerns. In summary, the study argues that attributing conflict, violence, and extremism to the teachings of a religion—which typically promotes love, peace, and mutual respect—misconstrues the root causes. The findings suggest that economic and social inequalities, ethnicism, and political policies are more significant factors contributing to the national instability experienced across the region.
format	Article
author	Gamon, Alizaman Dumangcag Wahyono, Zubaidi U Tun Aung, Maulana Akbar Shah
author_facet	Gamon, Alizaman Dumangcag Wahyono, Zubaidi U Tun Aung, Maulana Akbar Shah
author_sort	Gamon, Alizaman Dumangcag
title	Religious tolerance in Southeast Asia: issues and challenges
title_short	Religious tolerance in Southeast Asia: issues and challenges
title_full	Religious tolerance in Southeast Asia: issues and challenges
title_fullStr	Religious tolerance in Southeast Asia: issues and challenges
title_full_unstemmed	Religious tolerance in Southeast Asia: issues and challenges
title_sort	religious tolerance in southeast asia: issues and challenges
publisher	IIUM Journal
publishDate	2024
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/117520/1/Religious%20tolerance%20in%20southeast%20asia-%20Issues%20and%20challenges.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/117520/ https://journals.iium.edu.my/al-itqan/index.php/al-itqan
_version_	1821105150563975168
score	13.226497

Religious tolerance in Southeast Asia: issues and challenges

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