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Image steganography: comparative analysis of their techniques, complexity and enhancements

Steganography is the practice of hiding secret information within other media, such as images, audio, video, and text. It has become increasingly important in today's society as a way to enable private and secure communication. This research project focuses on image steganography techniques tha...

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Main Authors:	Abd Aziz, Ahmad Zulfakar, Mohd Sultan, Muhammad Fitri, Mohamad Zulkufli, Nurul Liyana
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	IIUM Press 2024
Subjects:	T58.5 Information technology
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/115811/2/115811_Image%20steganography.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/115811/ https://journals.iium.edu.my/kict/index.php/IJPCC/article/view/449 https://doi.org/10.31436/ijpcc.v10i1.449
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spelling	my.iium.irep.1158112024-11-13T01:17:22Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/115811/ Image steganography: comparative analysis of their techniques, complexity and enhancements Abd Aziz, Ahmad Zulfakar Mohd Sultan, Muhammad Fitri Mohamad Zulkufli, Nurul Liyana T58.5 Information technology Steganography is the practice of hiding secret information within other media, such as images, audio, video, and text. It has become increasingly important in today's society as a way to enable private and secure communication. This research project focuses on image steganography techniques that are used to evade detection of the secret message through statistical steganalysis techniques. The aim of this research is to compare and evaluate different image steganography methods, study their implementation complexity, and propose a framework to improve current approaches. The research will provide a comparison of the efficiency of different steganography techniques in avoiding detection by steganalysis and may lead to the development of better steganography techniques in the future. This paper focuses on the three steganography methods in the spatial domain: Least Significant Bit (LSB), Pixel-Value Difference (PVD) and Edge-based Data Embedding (EBE) methods. A simple experiment has been conducted to encrypt several images using these three methods, and the distortion measure for LSB using mean square error (MSE) and peak-to-noise ratio (PSNR) has been investigated. Although the distortion measure result is considered acceptable for LSB method in the experiment, all methods resulted in significant difference in the file capacity. This shows that further enhancement in the security of the encryption is necessary so that the secret message will not be easily discovered. Thus, in this paper, we propose a conceptualized enhancement in the security using Morse Code, Base 64, SHA-245, and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) before encrypting using PVD. IIUM Press 2024-01-28 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/115811/2/115811_Image%20steganography.pdf Abd Aziz, Ahmad Zulfakar and Mohd Sultan, Muhammad Fitri and Mohamad Zulkufli, Nurul Liyana (2024) Image steganography: comparative analysis of their techniques, complexity and enhancements. International Journal on Perceptive and Cognitive Computing (IJPCC), 10 (1). pp. 59-70. ISSN 2462-229X https://journals.iium.edu.my/kict/index.php/IJPCC/article/view/449 https://doi.org/10.31436/ijpcc.v10i1.449
institution	Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia
building	IIUM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	International Islamic University Malaysia
content_source	IIUM Repository (IREP)
url_provider	http://irep.iium.edu.my/
language	English
topic	T58.5 Information technology
spellingShingle	T58.5 Information technology Abd Aziz, Ahmad Zulfakar Mohd Sultan, Muhammad Fitri Mohamad Zulkufli, Nurul Liyana Image steganography: comparative analysis of their techniques, complexity and enhancements
description	Steganography is the practice of hiding secret information within other media, such as images, audio, video, and text. It has become increasingly important in today's society as a way to enable private and secure communication. This research project focuses on image steganography techniques that are used to evade detection of the secret message through statistical steganalysis techniques. The aim of this research is to compare and evaluate different image steganography methods, study their implementation complexity, and propose a framework to improve current approaches. The research will provide a comparison of the efficiency of different steganography techniques in avoiding detection by steganalysis and may lead to the development of better steganography techniques in the future. This paper focuses on the three steganography methods in the spatial domain: Least Significant Bit (LSB), Pixel-Value Difference (PVD) and Edge-based Data Embedding (EBE) methods. A simple experiment has been conducted to encrypt several images using these three methods, and the distortion measure for LSB using mean square error (MSE) and peak-to-noise ratio (PSNR) has been investigated. Although the distortion measure result is considered acceptable for LSB method in the experiment, all methods resulted in significant difference in the file capacity. This shows that further enhancement in the security of the encryption is necessary so that the secret message will not be easily discovered. Thus, in this paper, we propose a conceptualized enhancement in the security using Morse Code, Base 64, SHA-245, and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) before encrypting using PVD.
format	Article
author	Abd Aziz, Ahmad Zulfakar Mohd Sultan, Muhammad Fitri Mohamad Zulkufli, Nurul Liyana
author_facet	Abd Aziz, Ahmad Zulfakar Mohd Sultan, Muhammad Fitri Mohamad Zulkufli, Nurul Liyana
author_sort	Abd Aziz, Ahmad Zulfakar
title	Image steganography: comparative analysis of their techniques, complexity and enhancements
title_short	Image steganography: comparative analysis of their techniques, complexity and enhancements
title_full	Image steganography: comparative analysis of their techniques, complexity and enhancements
title_fullStr	Image steganography: comparative analysis of their techniques, complexity and enhancements
title_full_unstemmed	Image steganography: comparative analysis of their techniques, complexity and enhancements
title_sort	image steganography: comparative analysis of their techniques, complexity and enhancements
publisher	IIUM Press
publishDate	2024
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/115811/2/115811_Image%20steganography.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/115811/ https://journals.iium.edu.my/kict/index.php/IJPCC/article/view/449 https://doi.org/10.31436/ijpcc.v10i1.449
_version_	1816129646270349312
score	13.223943

Image steganography: comparative analysis of their techniques, complexity and enhancements

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