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Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone

The approach of ionic gelation was employed at the pilot scale of the 50 kg batch size to manufacture black seed oil (BSO)-loaded alginate (ALG) beads as a natural source supplementing the main bioactive compound of BSO, i.e., thymoquinone (TQ). The BSO-ALG emulsion was prepared by initially emulsif...

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Main Authors:	Alkhatib, Hamzeh, Mohamed, Farahidah, Alfatama, Mulham, Assadpour, Elham, Kharazmi, Mohammad Saeed, Jafari, Seid Mahdi, Sarker, Md Zaidul Islam, Sadasivuni, Kishor Kumar, Mohmad Sabere, Awis Sukarni, Doolaanea, Abd AlMonem
Format:	Article
Language:	English English
Published:	Elsevier 2024
Subjects:	RS192 Materia Medica-Pharmaceutical Technology
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/115073/7/115073_Pilot%20scale%20manufacturing%20of%20black%20seed%20oil-loaded%20alginate%20beads.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/115073/8/115073_Pilot%20scale%20manufacturing%20of%20black%20seed%20oil-loaded%20alginate%20beads_Scopus.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/115073/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024136614
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spelling	my.iium.irep.1150732024-11-12T04:27:01Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/115073/ Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone Alkhatib, Hamzeh Mohamed, Farahidah Alfatama, Mulham Assadpour, Elham Kharazmi, Mohammad Saeed Jafari, Seid Mahdi Sarker, Md Zaidul Islam Sadasivuni, Kishor Kumar Mohmad Sabere, Awis Sukarni Doolaanea, Abd AlMonem RS192 Materia Medica-Pharmaceutical Technology The approach of ionic gelation was employed at the pilot scale of the 50 kg batch size to manufacture black seed oil (BSO)-loaded alginate (ALG) beads as a natural source supplementing the main bioactive compound of BSO, i.e., thymoquinone (TQ). The BSO-ALG emulsion was prepared by initially emulsifying BSO with alginate solution at the pilot scale in two stages. The final emulsion was then dripped through 12 units of 3D-printed multi-nozzles into a curing bath containing Ca2+. The dripping flow rate was scaled up to 288 mL/min through the 3D-printed multi-nozzles (22-gauge). The characteristics of pilot scale BSO-ALG beads were similar to those produced at the lab scale; the beads were spherical with a size of 1.84–1.94 mm. The mechanical strength and loss on drying ranged from 143.6 to 172 g and 77.85–81.96 %, respectively. The production yield and encapsulation efficiency were 77.53–83.65 % and 95.36–97.9 %, respectively. Furthermore, the emulsification process did not affect TQ stability, while the curing process reduced TQ concentration from 1.51 % to 1.03 % w/w. Additionally, a substantial drop in TQ concentration in the encapsulated BSO was observed after the drying process, where it reached 0.23 % w/w. Finally, the stability of BSO-ALG beads in both wet and dried forms under real-time and accelerated conditions for 3 months revealed that beads were stable in terms of their organoleptic characteristics, size and sphericity, and loss on drying. Findings from this study enable the large-scale manufacturing of encapsulated BSO and similar bioactive compounds in ALG beads for the first time. These findings are valuable for advancing microencapsulation through ionic gelation and enhancing food preservation and safety. Elsevier 2024-10-15 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en cc_by_nc http://irep.iium.edu.my/115073/7/115073_Pilot%20scale%20manufacturing%20of%20black%20seed%20oil-loaded%20alginate%20beads.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/115073/8/115073_Pilot%20scale%20manufacturing%20of%20black%20seed%20oil-loaded%20alginate%20beads_Scopus.pdf Alkhatib, Hamzeh and Mohamed, Farahidah and Alfatama, Mulham and Assadpour, Elham and Kharazmi, Mohammad Saeed and Jafari, Seid Mahdi and Sarker, Md Zaidul Islam and Sadasivuni, Kishor Kumar and Mohmad Sabere, Awis Sukarni and Doolaanea, Abd AlMonem (2024) Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone. Heliyon, 10 (19). E-ISSN 2405-8440 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024136614 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37630
institution	Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia
building	IIUM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	International Islamic University Malaysia
content_source	IIUM Repository (IREP)
url_provider	http://irep.iium.edu.my/
language	English English
topic	RS192 Materia Medica-Pharmaceutical Technology
spellingShingle	RS192 Materia Medica-Pharmaceutical Technology Alkhatib, Hamzeh Mohamed, Farahidah Alfatama, Mulham Assadpour, Elham Kharazmi, Mohammad Saeed Jafari, Seid Mahdi Sarker, Md Zaidul Islam Sadasivuni, Kishor Kumar Mohmad Sabere, Awis Sukarni Doolaanea, Abd AlMonem Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone
description	The approach of ionic gelation was employed at the pilot scale of the 50 kg batch size to manufacture black seed oil (BSO)-loaded alginate (ALG) beads as a natural source supplementing the main bioactive compound of BSO, i.e., thymoquinone (TQ). The BSO-ALG emulsion was prepared by initially emulsifying BSO with alginate solution at the pilot scale in two stages. The final emulsion was then dripped through 12 units of 3D-printed multi-nozzles into a curing bath containing Ca2+. The dripping flow rate was scaled up to 288 mL/min through the 3D-printed multi-nozzles (22-gauge). The characteristics of pilot scale BSO-ALG beads were similar to those produced at the lab scale; the beads were spherical with a size of 1.84–1.94 mm. The mechanical strength and loss on drying ranged from 143.6 to 172 g and 77.85–81.96 %, respectively. The production yield and encapsulation efficiency were 77.53–83.65 % and 95.36–97.9 %, respectively. Furthermore, the emulsification process did not affect TQ stability, while the curing process reduced TQ concentration from 1.51 % to 1.03 % w/w. Additionally, a substantial drop in TQ concentration in the encapsulated BSO was observed after the drying process, where it reached 0.23 % w/w. Finally, the stability of BSO-ALG beads in both wet and dried forms under real-time and accelerated conditions for 3 months revealed that beads were stable in terms of their organoleptic characteristics, size and sphericity, and loss on drying. Findings from this study enable the large-scale manufacturing of encapsulated BSO and similar bioactive compounds in ALG beads for the first time. These findings are valuable for advancing microencapsulation through ionic gelation and enhancing food preservation and safety.
format	Article
author	Alkhatib, Hamzeh Mohamed, Farahidah Alfatama, Mulham Assadpour, Elham Kharazmi, Mohammad Saeed Jafari, Seid Mahdi Sarker, Md Zaidul Islam Sadasivuni, Kishor Kumar Mohmad Sabere, Awis Sukarni Doolaanea, Abd AlMonem
author_facet	Alkhatib, Hamzeh Mohamed, Farahidah Alfatama, Mulham Assadpour, Elham Kharazmi, Mohammad Saeed Jafari, Seid Mahdi Sarker, Md Zaidul Islam Sadasivuni, Kishor Kumar Mohmad Sabere, Awis Sukarni Doolaanea, Abd AlMonem
author_sort	Alkhatib, Hamzeh
title	Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone
title_short	Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone
title_full	Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone
title_fullStr	Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone
title_full_unstemmed	Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone
title_sort	pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2024
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/115073/7/115073_Pilot%20scale%20manufacturing%20of%20black%20seed%20oil-loaded%20alginate%20beads.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/115073/8/115073_Pilot%20scale%20manufacturing%20of%20black%20seed%20oil-loaded%20alginate%20beads_Scopus.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/115073/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024136614
_version_	1816129614439776256
score	13.223943

Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone

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