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The association of breakfast frequency and cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors among adolescents in Malaysia

Breakfast frequency is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Western populations, possibly via the types of food eaten or the timing of food consumption, but associations in Malaysian adolescents are unknown. While the timing of breakfast is similar, the type of food consumed at break...

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Main Authors:	Mustafa, Norashikin, Abd Majid, Hazreen, Toumpakari, Zoi, Carroll, Harriet Amy, Jalaludin, Muhammad Yazid, Al Sadat, Nabilla, Johnson, Laura
Format:	Article
Language:	English English
Published:	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2019
Subjects:	HA154 Statistical data Q Science (General) RA Public aspects of medicine RA643 Communicable Diseases and Public Health
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/100072/2/100072_The%20association%20of%20breakfast%20frequency_SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/100072/3/100072_The%20association%20of%20breakfast%20frequency.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/100072/ https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/5/973/pdf?version=1557799805 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11050973
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spelling	my.iium.irep.1000722022-09-21T01:54:42Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/100072/ The association of breakfast frequency and cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors among adolescents in Malaysia Mustafa, Norashikin Abd Majid, Hazreen Toumpakari, Zoi Carroll, Harriet Amy Jalaludin, Muhammad Yazid Al Sadat, Nabilla Johnson, Laura HA154 Statistical data Q Science (General) RA Public aspects of medicine RA643 Communicable Diseases and Public Health Breakfast frequency is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Western populations, possibly via the types of food eaten or the timing of food consumption, but associations in Malaysian adolescents are unknown. While the timing of breakfast is similar, the type of food consumed at breakfast in Malaysia differs from Western diets, which allows novel insight into the mechanisms underlying breakfast–CVD risk associations. We investigated foods eaten for breakfast and associations between breakfast frequency and CVD risk factors in the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team study (MyHeARTs). Breakfast (frequency of any food/drink reported as breakfast in 7-day diet history interviews) and CVD risk factors (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were cross-sectionally associated using linear regression adjusting for potential confounders (n = 795, age 13 years). Twelve percent of adolescents never ate breakfast and 50% ate breakfast daily, containing mean (SD) 400 (±127) kilocalories. Commonly consumed breakfast foods were cereal-based dishes (primarily rice), confectionery (primarily sugar), hot/powdered drinks (primarily Milo), and high-fat milk (primarily sweetened condensed milk). After adjustment, each extra day of breakfast consumption per week was associated with a lower BMI (−0.34 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.02, −0.66), and serum total (−0.07 mmol/L 95% CI −0.02, −0.13) and LDL (−0.07 mmol/L 95% CI −0.02, −0.12) cholesterol concentrations. Eating daily breakfast in Malaysia was associated with slightly lower BMI and total and LDL cholesterol concentrations among adolescents. Longitudinal studies and randomized trials could further establish causality. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2019-04-28 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/100072/2/100072_The%20association%20of%20breakfast%20frequency_SCOPUS.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/100072/3/100072_The%20association%20of%20breakfast%20frequency.pdf Mustafa, Norashikin and Abd Majid, Hazreen and Toumpakari, Zoi and Carroll, Harriet Amy and Jalaludin, Muhammad Yazid and Al Sadat, Nabilla and Johnson, Laura (2019) The association of breakfast frequency and cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors among adolescents in Malaysia. Nutrients, 11 (5). pp. 1-20. ISSN 2072-6643 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/5/973/pdf?version=1557799805 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11050973
institution	Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia
building	IIUM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	International Islamic University Malaysia
content_source	IIUM Repository (IREP)
url_provider	http://irep.iium.edu.my/
language	English English
topic	HA154 Statistical data Q Science (General) RA Public aspects of medicine RA643 Communicable Diseases and Public Health
spellingShingle	HA154 Statistical data Q Science (General) RA Public aspects of medicine RA643 Communicable Diseases and Public Health Mustafa, Norashikin Abd Majid, Hazreen Toumpakari, Zoi Carroll, Harriet Amy Jalaludin, Muhammad Yazid Al Sadat, Nabilla Johnson, Laura The association of breakfast frequency and cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors among adolescents in Malaysia
description	Breakfast frequency is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Western populations, possibly via the types of food eaten or the timing of food consumption, but associations in Malaysian adolescents are unknown. While the timing of breakfast is similar, the type of food consumed at breakfast in Malaysia differs from Western diets, which allows novel insight into the mechanisms underlying breakfast–CVD risk associations. We investigated foods eaten for breakfast and associations between breakfast frequency and CVD risk factors in the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team study (MyHeARTs). Breakfast (frequency of any food/drink reported as breakfast in 7-day diet history interviews) and CVD risk factors (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were cross-sectionally associated using linear regression adjusting for potential confounders (n = 795, age 13 years). Twelve percent of adolescents never ate breakfast and 50% ate breakfast daily, containing mean (SD) 400 (±127) kilocalories. Commonly consumed breakfast foods were cereal-based dishes (primarily rice), confectionery (primarily sugar), hot/powdered drinks (primarily Milo), and high-fat milk (primarily sweetened condensed milk). After adjustment, each extra day of breakfast consumption per week was associated with a lower BMI (−0.34 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.02, −0.66), and serum total (−0.07 mmol/L 95% CI −0.02, −0.13) and LDL (−0.07 mmol/L 95% CI −0.02, −0.12) cholesterol concentrations. Eating daily breakfast in Malaysia was associated with slightly lower BMI and total and LDL cholesterol concentrations among adolescents. Longitudinal studies and randomized trials could further establish causality.
format	Article
author	Mustafa, Norashikin Abd Majid, Hazreen Toumpakari, Zoi Carroll, Harriet Amy Jalaludin, Muhammad Yazid Al Sadat, Nabilla Johnson, Laura
author_facet	Mustafa, Norashikin Abd Majid, Hazreen Toumpakari, Zoi Carroll, Harriet Amy Jalaludin, Muhammad Yazid Al Sadat, Nabilla Johnson, Laura
author_sort	Mustafa, Norashikin
title	The association of breakfast frequency and cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors among adolescents in Malaysia
title_short	The association of breakfast frequency and cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors among adolescents in Malaysia
title_full	The association of breakfast frequency and cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors among adolescents in Malaysia
title_fullStr	The association of breakfast frequency and cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors among adolescents in Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	The association of breakfast frequency and cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors among adolescents in Malaysia
title_sort	association of breakfast frequency and cardiovascular disease (cvd) risk factors among adolescents in malaysia
publisher	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
publishDate	2019
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/100072/2/100072_The%20association%20of%20breakfast%20frequency_SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/100072/3/100072_The%20association%20of%20breakfast%20frequency.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/100072/ https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/5/973/pdf?version=1557799805 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11050973
_version_	1744648642869854208
score	13.211869

The association of breakfast frequency and cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors among adolescents in Malaysia

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