Cover Image

The investigation ofdifferent extraction techniques to extract gaharu oil

Gaharu or agarwood, scientifically known as aquilaria malaccensis, is one of the most expensive woods in the world. Analysts have differentiated the quality of gaharu based on its commercial grade, at which it ranges from A Super, A, B and C. Due to it rarity and high demand, agarwood extract (ga...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Mahamod, Abdul Mudzil
Format: Final Year Project
Language:English
Published: Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 2009
Subjects:
TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/9168/1/2009%20-%20The%20Investigation%20of%20Different%20Extraction%20Techniques%20to%20Extract%20Gaharu%20Oil.pdf
http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/9168/
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-utp-utpedia.9168
record_format eprints
spelling my-utp-utpedia.91682013-10-22T09:46:25Z http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/9168/ The investigation ofdifferent extraction techniques to extract gaharu oil Mahamod, Abdul Mudzil TP Chemical technology Gaharu or agarwood, scientifically known as aquilaria malaccensis, is one of the most expensive woods in the world. Analysts have differentiated the quality of gaharu based on its commercial grade, at which it ranges from A Super, A, B and C. Due to it rarity and high demand, agarwood extract (gaharu oil) brings high prices. The price is around RM 30 000 per litre for lower grade and superior grades could be priced up to RM 60 000 per litre. It is anticipated that the prices of gaharu will remain high in the future because of the high demand for gaharu material in Arabic countries, introduction of new applications for gaharu materials in the cosmetic industry and the traditional users ofgaharu in China, Japan and India for manufacturing joss-sticks and other. Traditionally, gaharu oil is extracted by distilling the grinded gaharu sample in a copper still. However, the process is less effective as the yield of oil is relatively small and it acquires high temperature. This project is mainly about investigating the alternatives to traditional hydro distillation to extract gaharu oil. Experiments are to be conducted to study the effectiveness of ultrasonic technology, microwave technology, solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) in terms of oil yield and other related parameters. Proposed methodology is carried out to accomplish the aims ofthe project. Three extraction methods were selected, namely as solvent extraction and ultrasonic extraction, and steam distillation as control. The gaharu chips were initially grinded into small particles and mixed with different type of solvent for extraction. For solvent extraction, petroleum ether is not suitable used as solvent at specified temperature (35°C) due to its dissimilarity in polarity as the chemical compounds for the raw material obtained were mainly sesquiterpenes. For ultrasonic extraction, the highest oil yield recovery is 0.1% at 100% power output of ultrasonic bath with temperature of 50±2°C. Several modifications on the parameters experimented need to be done to produce higher oil yield recovery. iv Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 2009-01 Final Year Project NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/9168/1/2009%20-%20The%20Investigation%20of%20Different%20Extraction%20Techniques%20to%20Extract%20Gaharu%20Oil.pdf Mahamod, Abdul Mudzil (2009) The investigation ofdifferent extraction techniques to extract gaharu oil. Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS. (Unpublished)
institution Universiti Teknologi Petronas
building UTP Resource Centre
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Petronas
content_source UTP Electronic and Digitized Intellectual Asset
url_provider http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/
language English
topic TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
Mahamod, Abdul Mudzil
The investigation ofdifferent extraction techniques to extract gaharu oil
description Gaharu or agarwood, scientifically known as aquilaria malaccensis, is one of the most expensive woods in the world. Analysts have differentiated the quality of gaharu based on its commercial grade, at which it ranges from A Super, A, B and C. Due to it rarity and high demand, agarwood extract (gaharu oil) brings high prices. The price is around RM 30 000 per litre for lower grade and superior grades could be priced up to RM 60 000 per litre. It is anticipated that the prices of gaharu will remain high in the future because of the high demand for gaharu material in Arabic countries, introduction of new applications for gaharu materials in the cosmetic industry and the traditional users ofgaharu in China, Japan and India for manufacturing joss-sticks and other. Traditionally, gaharu oil is extracted by distilling the grinded gaharu sample in a copper still. However, the process is less effective as the yield of oil is relatively small and it acquires high temperature. This project is mainly about investigating the alternatives to traditional hydro distillation to extract gaharu oil. Experiments are to be conducted to study the effectiveness of ultrasonic technology, microwave technology, solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) in terms of oil yield and other related parameters. Proposed methodology is carried out to accomplish the aims ofthe project. Three extraction methods were selected, namely as solvent extraction and ultrasonic extraction, and steam distillation as control. The gaharu chips were initially grinded into small particles and mixed with different type of solvent for extraction. For solvent extraction, petroleum ether is not suitable used as solvent at specified temperature (35°C) due to its dissimilarity in polarity as the chemical compounds for the raw material obtained were mainly sesquiterpenes. For ultrasonic extraction, the highest oil yield recovery is 0.1% at 100% power output of ultrasonic bath with temperature of 50±2°C. Several modifications on the parameters experimented need to be done to produce higher oil yield recovery. iv
format Final Year Project
author Mahamod, Abdul Mudzil
author_facet Mahamod, Abdul Mudzil
author_sort Mahamod, Abdul Mudzil
title The investigation ofdifferent extraction techniques to extract gaharu oil
title_short The investigation ofdifferent extraction techniques to extract gaharu oil
title_full The investigation ofdifferent extraction techniques to extract gaharu oil
title_fullStr The investigation ofdifferent extraction techniques to extract gaharu oil
title_full_unstemmed The investigation ofdifferent extraction techniques to extract gaharu oil
title_sort investigation ofdifferent extraction techniques to extract gaharu oil
publisher Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
publishDate 2009
url http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/9168/1/2009%20-%20The%20Investigation%20of%20Different%20Extraction%20Techniques%20to%20Extract%20Gaharu%20Oil.pdf
http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/9168/
_version_ 1739831639525031936
score 13.211869

Similar Items