STUDY OF EVAPORATION RATE AND IGNITION OF VAPORS ABOVE REFINERY WASTEWATER CONTAMINATED WITH A MIXTURE OF HYDROCARBONS
Study of fire and explosion is very important mainly in refineries and industries due to several accidents which have been reported in the past and present. This study investigates the possibility of the occurrence of fire accident occasioned by the vaporization of hydrocarbon components derived...
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| Format: | Final Year Project |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universiti Teknologi Petronas
2011
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| Online Access: | http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/8943/1/2011-Study%20Of%20Evaporation%20Rate%20And%20Ignition%20Of%20Vapors%20Above%20Refinery%20Wastewater%20Contaminated%20With.pdf http://utpedia.utp.edu.my/8943/ |
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| Summary: | Study of fire and explosion is very important mainly in refineries and industries due to
several accidents which have been reported in the past and present. This study
investigates the possibility of the occurrence of fire accident occasioned by the
vaporization of hydrocarbon components derived from refinery wastewater drainage
systems.
In this study, liquid sample containing mixtures of hydrocarbon products and water were
collected from a refinery's drainage systems and subjected to a distillation process to
separate the water contents. The oil-liquid phase was analyzed using Gas
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to examine the compositions of the
sample. The results obtained indicate that there are 77 hydrocarbon components ranging
from C9 to C22• Mole fractions of components in the liquid phase were obtained from the
GC resnlts, while the mole fractions of gas components in gas phase were calcnlated via
modified Raoult's Law.
The evaporation rate and ignition of vapour above refinery wastewater contaminated by
mixture of hydrocarbon were assessed. Evaporation Rate, Qm of each hydrocarbon was
estimated by using generalized expression as proposed by Crowl and Louvar, (2002) and
the Minimum Ignition Energy, MIE of each component was determine by interpolating
the graph ofMIE versus Mass Transfer Number, Bas introduced by Ballal (1938b).
From the calculations, 2-methyl-octane at peak number 53 has been identified to have
the fastest Qm which is equal to 27.04 g/min and 1, 7-dimethyl-naphtalene at peak
number 63 has been identified to have the lowest MIE. I -nonadecanol at peak number
40 has been identified to have the slowest Qm that is equal to 0.0000157 g/min and
largest MIE value that is equal to 2.620 mJ. This calculation indirectly indicates that 1-
nonadecanol is hard to. be ignited and takes longer time to vapourized. The resnlts also
shows that evaporation rate of components presented in the drainage system is affected
by its flash point, volume percent and vapour pressure. Minimum ignition energy of the
components is affected by its flash point, volume percent and the number of carbons that
make up the structural of the components.
The findings of this study can be used to minimize fire hazards associated with presence
of hydrocarbon vapours derived from refmery wastewater streams. |
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