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Synthesis of carbon acid catalyst from biomass via ultrasound-assisted direct sulfonation for glycerol-free biodiesel production from sludge palm oil

Renewable energy such as biodiesel has received great interest around the world as the substitute for fossil-based fuels due to the environmental policies and energy security. However, the conventional biodiesel production which generates glycerol as the by-product has caused the oversupply of glyce...

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Main Author: Lim, Jun Yoong
Format: Final Year Project / Dissertation / Thesis
Published: 2022
Subjects:
TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://eprints.utar.edu.my/5355/1/1702633_FYP_report_%2D_JUN_YOONG_LIM.pdf
http://eprints.utar.edu.my/5355/
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spelling my-utar-eprints.53552023-06-14T09:00:08Z Synthesis of carbon acid catalyst from biomass via ultrasound-assisted direct sulfonation for glycerol-free biodiesel production from sludge palm oil Lim, Jun Yoong TP Chemical technology Renewable energy such as biodiesel has received great interest around the world as the substitute for fossil-based fuels due to the environmental policies and energy security. However, the conventional biodiesel production which generates glycerol as the by-product has caused the oversupply of glycerol in the market. Hence, this study focused on the glycerol-free biodiesel production by replacing the alcohol reactant to methyl acetate. Coconut husk (CH) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were used to synthesise the heterogeneous acid catalysts and the performances were evaluated via glycerol-free biodiesel production in this research. It was found that chemical activation with H3PO4 can improve the catalyst activity better than activation with HNO3. The CH was carbonised at 600, 800 and 1000 ℃ while the MCC was carbonised at 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ℃. Acid density, SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR and BET were done in order to characterise the synthesised catalysts. It was found that the optimum carbonisation temperature for CH and MCC were 1000 ℃ and 400 ℃ respectively. MCC-derived catalyst showed a better catalytic performance over CH-derived catalyst so it was used to optimise the reaction parameters for 1:60, 1:80 and 1:100 reactants molar ratio, 40, 60 and 80 wt.% catalyst loading and 6 and 12 h reaction time. A relative FAME yield of 80.8 % can be obtained with 1:80 sludge palm oil to methyl acetate molar ratio, 60 wt.% Cat-MCC400 catalyst loading, 100 ℃ and 12 h. Therefore, it is clear that the catalyst synthesised is eco-friendly and promising in glycerol-free biodiesel production 2022 Final Year Project / Dissertation / Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf http://eprints.utar.edu.my/5355/1/1702633_FYP_report_%2D_JUN_YOONG_LIM.pdf Lim, Jun Yoong (2022) Synthesis of carbon acid catalyst from biomass via ultrasound-assisted direct sulfonation for glycerol-free biodiesel production from sludge palm oil. Final Year Project, UTAR. http://eprints.utar.edu.my/5355/
institution Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
building UTAR Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
content_source UTAR Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utar.edu.my
topic TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
Lim, Jun Yoong
Synthesis of carbon acid catalyst from biomass via ultrasound-assisted direct sulfonation for glycerol-free biodiesel production from sludge palm oil
description Renewable energy such as biodiesel has received great interest around the world as the substitute for fossil-based fuels due to the environmental policies and energy security. However, the conventional biodiesel production which generates glycerol as the by-product has caused the oversupply of glycerol in the market. Hence, this study focused on the glycerol-free biodiesel production by replacing the alcohol reactant to methyl acetate. Coconut husk (CH) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were used to synthesise the heterogeneous acid catalysts and the performances were evaluated via glycerol-free biodiesel production in this research. It was found that chemical activation with H3PO4 can improve the catalyst activity better than activation with HNO3. The CH was carbonised at 600, 800 and 1000 ℃ while the MCC was carbonised at 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ℃. Acid density, SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR and BET were done in order to characterise the synthesised catalysts. It was found that the optimum carbonisation temperature for CH and MCC were 1000 ℃ and 400 ℃ respectively. MCC-derived catalyst showed a better catalytic performance over CH-derived catalyst so it was used to optimise the reaction parameters for 1:60, 1:80 and 1:100 reactants molar ratio, 40, 60 and 80 wt.% catalyst loading and 6 and 12 h reaction time. A relative FAME yield of 80.8 % can be obtained with 1:80 sludge palm oil to methyl acetate molar ratio, 60 wt.% Cat-MCC400 catalyst loading, 100 ℃ and 12 h. Therefore, it is clear that the catalyst synthesised is eco-friendly and promising in glycerol-free biodiesel production
format Final Year Project / Dissertation / Thesis
author Lim, Jun Yoong
author_facet Lim, Jun Yoong
author_sort Lim, Jun Yoong
title Synthesis of carbon acid catalyst from biomass via ultrasound-assisted direct sulfonation for glycerol-free biodiesel production from sludge palm oil
title_short Synthesis of carbon acid catalyst from biomass via ultrasound-assisted direct sulfonation for glycerol-free biodiesel production from sludge palm oil
title_full Synthesis of carbon acid catalyst from biomass via ultrasound-assisted direct sulfonation for glycerol-free biodiesel production from sludge palm oil
title_fullStr Synthesis of carbon acid catalyst from biomass via ultrasound-assisted direct sulfonation for glycerol-free biodiesel production from sludge palm oil
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis of carbon acid catalyst from biomass via ultrasound-assisted direct sulfonation for glycerol-free biodiesel production from sludge palm oil
title_sort synthesis of carbon acid catalyst from biomass via ultrasound-assisted direct sulfonation for glycerol-free biodiesel production from sludge palm oil
publishDate 2022
url http://eprints.utar.edu.my/5355/1/1702633_FYP_report_%2D_JUN_YOONG_LIM.pdf
http://eprints.utar.edu.my/5355/
_version_ 1769848145130291200
score 13.244367

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