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An outbreak investigation of typhoid fever in Pondicherry, South India, 2013

Background: Preliminary investigation at Pediatric ward of Indira Gandhi Medical College revealed admission of a cluster of typhoid cases who were residents of one particular street in a nearby locality. Objectives: This study was undertaken to estimate the magnitude of the outbreak, identify the...

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Main Authors: Johnson Cherian,, Srinivasan Sampath,, Bhuvaneswary Sunderamurthy,, Vijay Chavada,, Kavita Vasudevan,, Anbusenthil Govindasamy,
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2015
Online Access:http://journalarticle.ukm.my/8779/1/P.256-261.pdf
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/8779/
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spelling my-ukm.journal.87792016-12-14T06:48:07Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/8779/ An outbreak investigation of typhoid fever in Pondicherry, South India, 2013 Johnson Cherian, Srinivasan Sampath, Bhuvaneswary Sunderamurthy, Vijay Chavada, Kavita Vasudevan, Anbusenthil Govindasamy, Background: Preliminary investigation at Pediatric ward of Indira Gandhi Medical College revealed admission of a cluster of typhoid cases who were residents of one particular street in a nearby locality. Objectives: This study was undertaken to estimate the magnitude of the outbreak, identify the source of infection, and, thereby, institute control measures. Materials and Methods: An investigation team including 10 MBBS students carried out a sanitary survey, house-to-house survey, data collection using epidemiological case sheets, and spot mapping. Typhoid diagnosis was confirmed as per the IDSP guidelines, i.e., either a blood culture growth positive for Salmonella typhi or a fourfold rise in antibody titer. An age- and gender-matched case–control study was conducted to find the association of occurrence of typhoid with various possible sources of infection. Water samples were collected from the affected households and public taps for investigation. Results: Rapid survey of all the 6 streets of Thilaspet covered 1106 people living in 283 households. All nine confirmed cases were residents of one particular street. The attack rate calculated was 3.4% in this street. A significant association of occurrence of typhoid was found only with consumption of raw drinking water (OR = 12.6, P = 0.01). Water samples only from the affected street tested positive for the presence of coliforms. The sanitary survey documented water pipeline breakage at the junction of this street. Further spread of disease was stopped by advocating drinking of boiled water and repair of pipeline. Conclusion: Strengthening of disease surveillance for early identification of localized outbreaks and instituting control measures can effectively control disease spread. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2015-06-17 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/8779/1/P.256-261.pdf Johnson Cherian, and Srinivasan Sampath, and Bhuvaneswary Sunderamurthy, and Vijay Chavada, and Kavita Vasudevan, and Anbusenthil Govindasamy, (2015) An outbreak investigation of typhoid fever in Pondicherry, South India, 2013. International Journal of Public Health Research, 4 (2). pp. 256-261. ISSN 2232-0245 www.ijphr.ukm.my
institution Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
building Perpustakaan Tun Sri Lanang Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
content_source UKM Journal Article Repository
url_provider http://journalarticle.ukm.my/
language English
description Background: Preliminary investigation at Pediatric ward of Indira Gandhi Medical College revealed admission of a cluster of typhoid cases who were residents of one particular street in a nearby locality. Objectives: This study was undertaken to estimate the magnitude of the outbreak, identify the source of infection, and, thereby, institute control measures. Materials and Methods: An investigation team including 10 MBBS students carried out a sanitary survey, house-to-house survey, data collection using epidemiological case sheets, and spot mapping. Typhoid diagnosis was confirmed as per the IDSP guidelines, i.e., either a blood culture growth positive for Salmonella typhi or a fourfold rise in antibody titer. An age- and gender-matched case–control study was conducted to find the association of occurrence of typhoid with various possible sources of infection. Water samples were collected from the affected households and public taps for investigation. Results: Rapid survey of all the 6 streets of Thilaspet covered 1106 people living in 283 households. All nine confirmed cases were residents of one particular street. The attack rate calculated was 3.4% in this street. A significant association of occurrence of typhoid was found only with consumption of raw drinking water (OR = 12.6, P = 0.01). Water samples only from the affected street tested positive for the presence of coliforms. The sanitary survey documented water pipeline breakage at the junction of this street. Further spread of disease was stopped by advocating drinking of boiled water and repair of pipeline. Conclusion: Strengthening of disease surveillance for early identification of localized outbreaks and instituting control measures can effectively control disease spread.
format Article
author Johnson Cherian,
Srinivasan Sampath,
Bhuvaneswary Sunderamurthy,
Vijay Chavada,
Kavita Vasudevan,
Anbusenthil Govindasamy,
spellingShingle Johnson Cherian,
Srinivasan Sampath,
Bhuvaneswary Sunderamurthy,
Vijay Chavada,
Kavita Vasudevan,
Anbusenthil Govindasamy,
An outbreak investigation of typhoid fever in Pondicherry, South India, 2013
author_facet Johnson Cherian,
Srinivasan Sampath,
Bhuvaneswary Sunderamurthy,
Vijay Chavada,
Kavita Vasudevan,
Anbusenthil Govindasamy,
author_sort Johnson Cherian,
title An outbreak investigation of typhoid fever in Pondicherry, South India, 2013
title_short An outbreak investigation of typhoid fever in Pondicherry, South India, 2013
title_full An outbreak investigation of typhoid fever in Pondicherry, South India, 2013
title_fullStr An outbreak investigation of typhoid fever in Pondicherry, South India, 2013
title_full_unstemmed An outbreak investigation of typhoid fever in Pondicherry, South India, 2013
title_sort outbreak investigation of typhoid fever in pondicherry, south india, 2013
publisher Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
publishDate 2015
url http://journalarticle.ukm.my/8779/1/P.256-261.pdf
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/8779/
_version_ 1643737583192113152
score 13.211869

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