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Diimide-mediated hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber

The hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) has shown great potential for improving its physical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability. Hydrogenation process of NBR in this work involved the utilization of diimide produced from the interaction between hydrazine hydrate (N2H4) and hydr...

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Main Authors: Amira Shafiqa Salleh Huddin,, Goh, Yi-Fan, Naharullah Jamaluddin,, Siti Fairus Mohd Yusoff,
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2024
Online Access:http://journalarticle.ukm.my/24500/1/SS%2018.pdf
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/24500/
https://www.ukm.my/jsm/english_journals/vol53num9_2024/contentsVol53num9_2024.html
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spelling my-ukm.journal.245002024-11-20T03:31:14Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/24500/ Diimide-mediated hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber Amira Shafiqa Salleh Huddin, Goh, Yi-Fan Naharullah Jamaluddin, Siti Fairus Mohd Yusoff, The hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) has shown great potential for improving its physical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability. Hydrogenation process of NBR in this work involved the utilization of diimide produced from the interaction between hydrazine hydrate (N2H4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), with the addition of boric acid as a promoter. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to evaluate the degree of hydrogenation, glass transition, thermal stability, and rubber crystallinity, respectively. The highest hydrogenation degree was 99%, which resulted in a 57% gel content. Upon hydrogenation, both the glass transition temperature (Tg) and decomposition temperature (Td) increased. The hydrogenated rubber samples generally showed an amorphous state, except for the 99% hydrogenated sample, which displayed a semi-crystalline state. However, using diimide for direct hydrogenation yields a side reaction from the free radicals in the system, which leads to gel formation. Optimization was accomplished by employing the response surface methodology (RSM), which entailed manipulating parameters such as the total solid content (TSC) of NBR, reaction time, and the mole ratio of H2O2 to N2H4, to reduce the percentage of gel content. The RSM analysis identified the optimum reaction conditions as a 1:1 mole ratio of H2O2: N2H4 and 25% TSC, with a reaction time of 8 h, which yielded 32% gel content percentage, where a mole ratio of H2O2 to N2H4 and reaction time indicated a synergistic effect, whereas TSC denoted an antagonistic effect. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2024 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/24500/1/SS%2018.pdf Amira Shafiqa Salleh Huddin, and Goh, Yi-Fan and Naharullah Jamaluddin, and Siti Fairus Mohd Yusoff, (2024) Diimide-mediated hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber. Sains Malaysiana, 53 (9). pp. 3135-3147. ISSN 0126-6039 https://www.ukm.my/jsm/english_journals/vol53num9_2024/contentsVol53num9_2024.html
institution Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
building Tun Sri Lanang Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
content_source UKM Journal Article Repository
url_provider http://journalarticle.ukm.my/
language English
description The hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) has shown great potential for improving its physical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability. Hydrogenation process of NBR in this work involved the utilization of diimide produced from the interaction between hydrazine hydrate (N2H4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), with the addition of boric acid as a promoter. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to evaluate the degree of hydrogenation, glass transition, thermal stability, and rubber crystallinity, respectively. The highest hydrogenation degree was 99%, which resulted in a 57% gel content. Upon hydrogenation, both the glass transition temperature (Tg) and decomposition temperature (Td) increased. The hydrogenated rubber samples generally showed an amorphous state, except for the 99% hydrogenated sample, which displayed a semi-crystalline state. However, using diimide for direct hydrogenation yields a side reaction from the free radicals in the system, which leads to gel formation. Optimization was accomplished by employing the response surface methodology (RSM), which entailed manipulating parameters such as the total solid content (TSC) of NBR, reaction time, and the mole ratio of H2O2 to N2H4, to reduce the percentage of gel content. The RSM analysis identified the optimum reaction conditions as a 1:1 mole ratio of H2O2: N2H4 and 25% TSC, with a reaction time of 8 h, which yielded 32% gel content percentage, where a mole ratio of H2O2 to N2H4 and reaction time indicated a synergistic effect, whereas TSC denoted an antagonistic effect.
format Article
author Amira Shafiqa Salleh Huddin,
Goh, Yi-Fan
Naharullah Jamaluddin,
Siti Fairus Mohd Yusoff,
spellingShingle Amira Shafiqa Salleh Huddin,
Goh, Yi-Fan
Naharullah Jamaluddin,
Siti Fairus Mohd Yusoff,
Diimide-mediated hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber
author_facet Amira Shafiqa Salleh Huddin,
Goh, Yi-Fan
Naharullah Jamaluddin,
Siti Fairus Mohd Yusoff,
author_sort Amira Shafiqa Salleh Huddin,
title Diimide-mediated hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber
title_short Diimide-mediated hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber
title_full Diimide-mediated hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber
title_fullStr Diimide-mediated hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber
title_full_unstemmed Diimide-mediated hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber
title_sort diimide-mediated hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber
publisher Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
publishDate 2024
url http://journalarticle.ukm.my/24500/1/SS%2018.pdf
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/24500/
https://www.ukm.my/jsm/english_journals/vol53num9_2024/contentsVol53num9_2024.html
_version_ 1817843270588301312
score 13.222552

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