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Breeding and reproductive performance of the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) at Underwater World Langkawi (UWL) Malaysia

This paper provides a demographic analysis of six years information collected on an African penguin (Sphenicus demersus) colony of Underwater World Langkawi (UWL) at Langkawi Island, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. These information include reproduction, sex ratio, seasonality, egg-laying date interva...

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Main Authors: Mohd Hairul Mohd Salleh,, Farhan Ruslin,, Shukor Md. Nor,
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2019
Online Access:http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19357/1/48_05_10.pdf
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19357/
https://jms.mabjournal.com/index.php/mab/issue/view/8
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spelling my-ukm.journal.193572022-08-16T00:49:40Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19357/ Breeding and reproductive performance of the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) at Underwater World Langkawi (UWL) Malaysia Mohd Hairul Mohd Salleh, Farhan Ruslin, Shukor Md. Nor, This paper provides a demographic analysis of six years information collected on an African penguin (Sphenicus demersus) colony of Underwater World Langkawi (UWL) at Langkawi Island, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. These information include reproduction, sex ratio, seasonality, egg-laying date interval and age range of breeding. From the period of 2006 to 2011, 27 chicks survived while 16 chicks died within six years. The sex ratio favoured the female with 1.8:1 in 2006 and 1.38:1 in 2011, although the gender of about 14 second-generation individuals was unknown. Eggs were laid in all months of the year, but a higher frequency was observed between August and January or between autumn and winter (in the southern area). The calculated interval of egg-laying dates for each egg production was 6.719 ± 4.18 months. The mean intervals of egg-laying dates for identified females were 9.239 ± 4.26 months and 5.196 ± 3.34 months for rear infants and non-rear offspring, respectively. The age at first female egg production ranged between six and twenty years and the males that are actively involved in brooding at the age between three and twenty years. The age of the mother at first weaning of the offspring ranged from six and twenty years (n=43), while the males had first paternity between the ages of three and twenty three years (n=43). Monogamous breeding in the first two years (2006 and 2007) of this study was due to imbalance sex ratio between male and female (2:1) and respectively 1:1 or 1:2 between male to females. The captive colony grew at an average rate of 1.172 per individual per year. In 2011, the calculated rate was 1.15, indicating that the rate remained almost constant. Infant mortality in the first two months was 32.5%. This information is beneficial to increase the effectiveness of the management and conservation of African penguins in captivity. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2019 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19357/1/48_05_10.pdf Mohd Hairul Mohd Salleh, and Farhan Ruslin, and Shukor Md. Nor, (2019) Breeding and reproductive performance of the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) at Underwater World Langkawi (UWL) Malaysia. Malaysian Applied Biology, 48 (5). pp. 89-100. ISSN 0126-8643 https://jms.mabjournal.com/index.php/mab/issue/view/8
institution Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
building Tun Sri Lanang Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
content_source UKM Journal Article Repository
url_provider http://journalarticle.ukm.my/
language English
description This paper provides a demographic analysis of six years information collected on an African penguin (Sphenicus demersus) colony of Underwater World Langkawi (UWL) at Langkawi Island, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. These information include reproduction, sex ratio, seasonality, egg-laying date interval and age range of breeding. From the period of 2006 to 2011, 27 chicks survived while 16 chicks died within six years. The sex ratio favoured the female with 1.8:1 in 2006 and 1.38:1 in 2011, although the gender of about 14 second-generation individuals was unknown. Eggs were laid in all months of the year, but a higher frequency was observed between August and January or between autumn and winter (in the southern area). The calculated interval of egg-laying dates for each egg production was 6.719 ± 4.18 months. The mean intervals of egg-laying dates for identified females were 9.239 ± 4.26 months and 5.196 ± 3.34 months for rear infants and non-rear offspring, respectively. The age at first female egg production ranged between six and twenty years and the males that are actively involved in brooding at the age between three and twenty years. The age of the mother at first weaning of the offspring ranged from six and twenty years (n=43), while the males had first paternity between the ages of three and twenty three years (n=43). Monogamous breeding in the first two years (2006 and 2007) of this study was due to imbalance sex ratio between male and female (2:1) and respectively 1:1 or 1:2 between male to females. The captive colony grew at an average rate of 1.172 per individual per year. In 2011, the calculated rate was 1.15, indicating that the rate remained almost constant. Infant mortality in the first two months was 32.5%. This information is beneficial to increase the effectiveness of the management and conservation of African penguins in captivity.
format Article
author Mohd Hairul Mohd Salleh,
Farhan Ruslin,
Shukor Md. Nor,
spellingShingle Mohd Hairul Mohd Salleh,
Farhan Ruslin,
Shukor Md. Nor,
Breeding and reproductive performance of the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) at Underwater World Langkawi (UWL) Malaysia
author_facet Mohd Hairul Mohd Salleh,
Farhan Ruslin,
Shukor Md. Nor,
author_sort Mohd Hairul Mohd Salleh,
title Breeding and reproductive performance of the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) at Underwater World Langkawi (UWL) Malaysia
title_short Breeding and reproductive performance of the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) at Underwater World Langkawi (UWL) Malaysia
title_full Breeding and reproductive performance of the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) at Underwater World Langkawi (UWL) Malaysia
title_fullStr Breeding and reproductive performance of the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) at Underwater World Langkawi (UWL) Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed Breeding and reproductive performance of the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) at Underwater World Langkawi (UWL) Malaysia
title_sort breeding and reproductive performance of the african penguin (spheniscus demersus) at underwater world langkawi (uwl) malaysia
publisher Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
publishDate 2019
url http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19357/1/48_05_10.pdf
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19357/
https://jms.mabjournal.com/index.php/mab/issue/view/8
_version_ 1743107989624061952
score 13.211869

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