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The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries

ASEAN countries heavily rely on tourism and therefore are vulnerable towards environmental disruptions. Tourism demand (TD), government expenditure on education (GEE) and income (INC) are among the main factors that increase the total global carbon dioxide emissions which lead to climate change, hen...

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Main Authors: Nur Fadzlunnisaa Wakimin,, A.A. Azlina,, Hazman Samsudin,, Mahirah Kamaludin,
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2019
Online Access:http://journalarticle.ukm.my/14139/1/jeko_53%283%29-6.pdf
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/14139/
http://www.ukm.my/fep/jem/content/2019-3.html
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spelling my-ukm.journal.141392020-02-07T10:52:40Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/14139/ The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries Nur Fadzlunnisaa Wakimin, A.A. Azlina, Hazman Samsudin, Mahirah Kamaludin, ASEAN countries heavily rely on tourism and therefore are vulnerable towards environmental disruptions. Tourism demand (TD), government expenditure on education (GEE) and income (INC) are among the main factors that increase the total global carbon dioxide emissions which lead to climate change, hence making them the key focus areas in ASEAN-5 countries. This study analysed whether the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) holds for all ASEAN countries from 1970 until 2014 using nonlinear autoregression distribution lag (NARDL) method. It also analyses whether all variables are asymmetric to the environment in the long-run. In the long-run, the carbon dioxide emission response could have a negative change in INC for Malaysia (MLY), India (IND), Singapore (SNG), and the Philippines (PHL). However, in Thailand (THL), the carbon dioxide emission response could lead to a positive change in INC. This study found an asymmetric long-run effect of the INC, GEE, and TD on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries. In conclusion, EKC does not hold in all cases, but is detected in some of the variables. In this case, legal regulations are needed to avoid environmental degradation due to inefficient economic mechanisms that are insufficient to reduce the total global carbon dioxide emissions. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2019 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/14139/1/jeko_53%283%29-6.pdf Nur Fadzlunnisaa Wakimin, and A.A. Azlina, and Hazman Samsudin, and Mahirah Kamaludin, (2019) The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 53 (3). pp. 1-17. ISSN 0127-1962 http://www.ukm.my/fep/jem/content/2019-3.html
institution Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
building Tun Sri Lanang Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
content_source UKM Journal Article Repository
url_provider http://journalarticle.ukm.my/
language English
description ASEAN countries heavily rely on tourism and therefore are vulnerable towards environmental disruptions. Tourism demand (TD), government expenditure on education (GEE) and income (INC) are among the main factors that increase the total global carbon dioxide emissions which lead to climate change, hence making them the key focus areas in ASEAN-5 countries. This study analysed whether the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) holds for all ASEAN countries from 1970 until 2014 using nonlinear autoregression distribution lag (NARDL) method. It also analyses whether all variables are asymmetric to the environment in the long-run. In the long-run, the carbon dioxide emission response could have a negative change in INC for Malaysia (MLY), India (IND), Singapore (SNG), and the Philippines (PHL). However, in Thailand (THL), the carbon dioxide emission response could lead to a positive change in INC. This study found an asymmetric long-run effect of the INC, GEE, and TD on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries. In conclusion, EKC does not hold in all cases, but is detected in some of the variables. In this case, legal regulations are needed to avoid environmental degradation due to inefficient economic mechanisms that are insufficient to reduce the total global carbon dioxide emissions.
format Article
author Nur Fadzlunnisaa Wakimin,
A.A. Azlina,
Hazman Samsudin,
Mahirah Kamaludin,
spellingShingle Nur Fadzlunnisaa Wakimin,
A.A. Azlina,
Hazman Samsudin,
Mahirah Kamaludin,
The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries
author_facet Nur Fadzlunnisaa Wakimin,
A.A. Azlina,
Hazman Samsudin,
Mahirah Kamaludin,
author_sort Nur Fadzlunnisaa Wakimin,
title The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries
title_short The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries
title_full The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries
title_fullStr The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries
title_full_unstemmed The impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in ASEAN-5 countries
title_sort impact of tourism demand, government expenditure on education and income on the environment in asean-5 countries
publisher Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
publishDate 2019
url http://journalarticle.ukm.my/14139/1/jeko_53%283%29-6.pdf
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/14139/
http://www.ukm.my/fep/jem/content/2019-3.html
_version_ 1662755927700275200
score 13.211869

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