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Bone mineral density and associated risk factors among female athletes: a cross-sectional study

Menstrual irregularity and disordered eating were previously identified as risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD) in female athletes. Therefore, an investigation for more potential factors that could be associated with low BMD among Malaysian female athletes is required. The aim of this stu...

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Main Authors: Nur Syamsina Ahmad,, Mohamad Shariff A. Hamid,, Phaik, Jadeera Geok Cheong, Sareena Hanim Hamzah,
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2018
Online Access:http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11988/1/15%20Nursyamsina.pdf
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11988/
http://www.ukm.my/jsm/english_journals/vol47num1_2018/contentsVol47num1_2018.html
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spelling my-ukm.journal.119882018-08-17T09:14:38Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11988/ Bone mineral density and associated risk factors among female athletes: a cross-sectional study Nur Syamsina Ahmad, Mohamad Shariff A. Hamid, Phaik, Jadeera Geok Cheong Sareena Hanim Hamzah, Menstrual irregularity and disordered eating were previously identified as risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD) in female athletes. Therefore, an investigation for more potential factors that could be associated with low BMD among Malaysian female athletes is required. The aim of this study was to assess the association of BMD with energy availability, body weight, body fat, estrogen level and bone loading status in female athletes and to what extent those factors predict BMD. Energy intake and expenditure, body weight, Bone Physical Activity Questionnaire (BPAQ) score and estrogen level were determined from 85 female athletes aged 18-30 years in this cross-sectional study. Bone mineral density was measured by using an ultrasound bone densitometry device at the calcaneus bone. The female athletes’ body weight and fat percentage were 56±9 kg and 27±6%, respectively and they were all eumenorrheic. Fifty three percent of them had low BMD (z- score < 0). Their mean energy intake (1291±33 kcal/day) was lower than energy expenditure (1807±34 kcal/day) which resulted in a low energy availability (29±1 kcal/day/kg FFM). BMD was positively associated with BPAQ score (r=0.4, p=0.000) and body weight (r=0.3, p=0.005) but negatively associated with energy expenditure (r=-0.4, p=0.000). There was no association of BMD with energy intake, energy availability, body fat percentage and estrogen level. In conclusion, BMD was associated with energy expenditure, body weight and BPAQ score among female athletes. Regression analysis showed that energy expenditure and BPAQ score were the main factors to predict BMD. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2018-01 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11988/1/15%20Nursyamsina.pdf Nur Syamsina Ahmad, and Mohamad Shariff A. Hamid, and Phaik, Jadeera Geok Cheong and Sareena Hanim Hamzah, (2018) Bone mineral density and associated risk factors among female athletes: a cross-sectional study. Sains Malaysiana, 47 (1). pp. 123-129. ISSN 0126-6039 http://www.ukm.my/jsm/english_journals/vol47num1_2018/contentsVol47num1_2018.html
institution Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
building Perpustakaan Tun Sri Lanang Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
content_source UKM Journal Article Repository
url_provider http://journalarticle.ukm.my/
language English
description Menstrual irregularity and disordered eating were previously identified as risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD) in female athletes. Therefore, an investigation for more potential factors that could be associated with low BMD among Malaysian female athletes is required. The aim of this study was to assess the association of BMD with energy availability, body weight, body fat, estrogen level and bone loading status in female athletes and to what extent those factors predict BMD. Energy intake and expenditure, body weight, Bone Physical Activity Questionnaire (BPAQ) score and estrogen level were determined from 85 female athletes aged 18-30 years in this cross-sectional study. Bone mineral density was measured by using an ultrasound bone densitometry device at the calcaneus bone. The female athletes’ body weight and fat percentage were 56±9 kg and 27±6%, respectively and they were all eumenorrheic. Fifty three percent of them had low BMD (z- score < 0). Their mean energy intake (1291±33 kcal/day) was lower than energy expenditure (1807±34 kcal/day) which resulted in a low energy availability (29±1 kcal/day/kg FFM). BMD was positively associated with BPAQ score (r=0.4, p=0.000) and body weight (r=0.3, p=0.005) but negatively associated with energy expenditure (r=-0.4, p=0.000). There was no association of BMD with energy intake, energy availability, body fat percentage and estrogen level. In conclusion, BMD was associated with energy expenditure, body weight and BPAQ score among female athletes. Regression analysis showed that energy expenditure and BPAQ score were the main factors to predict BMD.
format Article
author Nur Syamsina Ahmad,
Mohamad Shariff A. Hamid,
Phaik, Jadeera Geok Cheong
Sareena Hanim Hamzah,
spellingShingle Nur Syamsina Ahmad,
Mohamad Shariff A. Hamid,
Phaik, Jadeera Geok Cheong
Sareena Hanim Hamzah,
Bone mineral density and associated risk factors among female athletes: a cross-sectional study
author_facet Nur Syamsina Ahmad,
Mohamad Shariff A. Hamid,
Phaik, Jadeera Geok Cheong
Sareena Hanim Hamzah,
author_sort Nur Syamsina Ahmad,
title Bone mineral density and associated risk factors among female athletes: a cross-sectional study
title_short Bone mineral density and associated risk factors among female athletes: a cross-sectional study
title_full Bone mineral density and associated risk factors among female athletes: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Bone mineral density and associated risk factors among female athletes: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Bone mineral density and associated risk factors among female athletes: a cross-sectional study
title_sort bone mineral density and associated risk factors among female athletes: a cross-sectional study
publisher Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
publishDate 2018
url http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11988/1/15%20Nursyamsina.pdf
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11988/
http://www.ukm.my/jsm/english_journals/vol47num1_2018/contentsVol47num1_2018.html
_version_ 1643738660401577984
score 13.223943

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