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An Improved Action Key Frames Extraction Algorithm for Complex Colour Video Shot Summarization by Mizher, Manar Abduljabbar Ahmad, Ang, Mei Choo, Sheikh Abdullah, Siti Norul Huda, Kok, Weng Ng

“…The objective of this work is to improve our previous action key frames extraction algorithm (AKF) by adapting a threshold which selects action key frames as final key frames. …”
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Variable block based motion estimation using hexagon diamond full search algorithm (HDFSA) via block subtraction technique by Hardev Singh, Jitvinder Dev Singh

“…In the video and frame selection, pre-defined video which have different type of motion and size is used for the algorithm evaluation purpose. …”
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Image classification using two dimensional wavelet coefficients with parallel computing by Ong, Yew Fai

“…This method is capable to shorten the process time of the computation-intensive program in this research to process the live images frame by frame, which received from a laptop webcam to achieve real-time video processing. …”
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Optimum Colour Space Selection for Ulcerated Regions using Statistical Analysis and Classification of Ulcerated Frames from WCE Video Footage by Suman, Shipra, Hussin, Fawnizu Azmadi, Nicolas, Walter, Malik, Aamir Saeed, Goh, Khean Lee, Hilmi, Ida, Ho, Shaiw Hooi

“…Therefore, it is crucial to develop a computer aided intelligent algorithm to process the huge number of WCE frames. …”
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Optimum Colour Space Selection for Ulcerated Regions Using Statistical Analysis and Classification of Ulcerated Frames from WCE Video Footage by Suman, Shipra, Nicolas, Walter, Hussin, Fawnizu Azmadi, Malik, Aamir Saeed, Ho, Shiaw Hooi, Goh, Khean Lee, Hilmi, Ida

“…Therefore, it is crucial to develop a computer aided intelligent algorithm to process the huge number of WCE frames. …”
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A Fast Scheduling Algorithm for WDM Optical Networks by Cheah, Cheng Lai

“…This time complexity can be improved to O(log3 N) by parallel processing using O(M) processors. Two variations of implementation of the scheduling algorithm have been proposed, namely the Variable Frame Size (VFS) and Limited Frame Size (LFS) schemes. …”
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Automatic detection of the end-diastolic and end-systolic from 4D echocardiographics images by Abboud, Anas A., O. K. Rahmat, Rahmita Wirza, Kadiman, Suhaini, Dimon, Mohd Zamrin, Abdullah, Lili Nurliyana, Saripan, M. Iqbal, Khaleel, Hasan Hadi

“…By computing the area of three slices along one cardiac cycle and selecting the maximum area as the ED frame and the minimum area as the ES frame. …”
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Fast shot boundary detection based on separable moments and support vector machine by Idan, Zinah N., Abdulhussain, Sadiq H., Mahmmod, Basheera M., Al-Utaibi, Khaled A., Syed Abdul Rahman Al-, Syed Abdul Rahman Al-Hadad, Sait, Sadiq M.

“…First, for each frame, the active area is selected such that only the informative content is considered. …”
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Vehicle speed detection using frame differencing for smart surveillance system by Hasliza, A. Rahim@Samsuddin, Usman Ullah, Sheikh, Dr., R. Badlishah, Ahmad, Prof. Madya Dr., Aini Syuhada, Md Zain, Wan Nur Suryani Firuz, Wan Ariffin

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WA VELET-DCT BASED IMAGE CODER FOR VIDEO CODING APPLICATIONS by GANI, REGINA

“…This process is also known as thresholding. The Wavelet-DCT algorithm is integrated into a simulation of intra-frame coder in compliance with MPEG-2 standard. …”
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Enhancing selective encryption for H.264/AVC using advanced encryption standard by Abomhara, Mohamed, Zakaria, Omar, Khalifa, Othman Omran, Zaidan, Aos Alaa, Zaidan, Bilal Bahaa

“…And the second function is the decryption/decoding of the encrypted video through two process (specify the encrypted I-frame stream, decryption of the I-frame, and decoding with H.264/AVC decoder). …”
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Simulated Kalman Filter algorithms for solving optimization problems by Nor Hidayati, Abdul Aziz

“…The proposed population-based SKF algorithm and the single solution-based SKF algorithm use the scalar model of discrete Kalman filter algorithm as the search strategy to overcome these flaws. …”
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Sizing optimization of large-scale grid connected photovoltaic system using dolphin echolocation algorithm / Muhammad Zakyizzuddin Rosselan by Rosselan, Muhammad Zakyizzuddin

“…Later, an Iterative-based Sizing Algorithm (ISA) was developed to determine the optimal sizing solution which was later used as benchmark for sizing algorithms using optimization methods. …”
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Development Of A Robust Blind Digital Video Watermarking Algorithm Using Discrete Wavelet Transform by Al-Deen, Ahmed A. Baha'a

“…A mid-band discrete wavelet transform coefficients of the selected frames are chosen to be the hosted region in the frequency domain. …”
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An improved method using fuzzy system based on hybrid boahs for phishing attack detection by Noor Syahirah, Nordin

“…The algorithms involved were Genetic Algorithm, Differential Evolution Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Butterfly Optimization Algorithm, Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm, Harmony Search Algorithm and Gravitational Search Algorithm. …”
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Optimization of cost-based hybrid flowshop scheduling using teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm by Ullah, Wasif, Muhammad Ammar, Nik Mu’tasim, Mohd Fadzil Faisae, Ab Rashid

“…This paper investigates the optimization of a CHFS problem using the Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm. …”
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NN with DTW-FF Coefficients and Pitch Feature for Speaker Recognition by Sudirman, Rubita, Salleh, Sh-Hussain, Salleh, Shaharuddin

“…The idea behind this method is due to neural network (NN) limitation where a fixed amount of input nodes is needed for every input class especially in the application of multiple inputs. The new feature processing used the modified version of traditional DTW called as DTW-FF algorithm to fix the input size so that the source and template frames have equal number of frames. …”
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An enhanced swap sequence-based particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve TSP by Bibi Aamirah Shafaa Emambocus, Muhammed Basheer Jasser, Muzaffar Hamzah, Aida Mustapha, Angela Amphawan

“…Since there is no known polynomial-time algorithm for solving large scale TSP, metaheuristic algorithms such as Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Bee Colony Optimization (BCO), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have been widely used to solve TSP problems through their high quality solutions. …”
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Rule-Based Multi-State Gravitational Search Algorithm for Discrete Optimization Problem by Ismail, Ibrahim, Zuwairie, Ibrahim, Zulkifli, Md. Yusof

“…In this study, rule-based multi-state gravitational search algorithm (RBMSGSA) algorithm is proposed to solve discrete combinatorial optimization problems. …”
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Hybrid Improved Bacterial Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Hand-Based Multimodal Biometric Authentication System by Shanmugasundaram, Karthikeyan, Mohmed, Ahmad Sufril Azlan, Ruhaiyem, Nur Intan Raihana

“…Concurrently, the local optima trap (i.e., premature convergence) of PSO algorithm was averted by using mutation operator. The HIBS algorithm was tested using benchmark functions and compared against classical BFO, PSO and other hybrid algorithms like Genetic Algorithm-Bacterial Foraging Optimization (GA-BFO), Genetic Algorithm-Particle Swarm Optimization (GA-PSO) and other BFO-PSO algorithms to prove its exploration and exploitation ability. …”
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