Optimising islanded AC microgrid control: A hierarchical approach with FCS-VMPC and consensus algorithm
The growing integration of distributed generation (DG) from renewable energy sources (RES) in modern power systems highlights the need for advanced hierarchical control strategies. The primary layer is typically implemented using a linear controller, while the secondary control relies on complex con...
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2025
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| Online Access: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/12707/1/J19557_08f64426912e6b066eb30f8df5d060c8.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/12707/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104154 |
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| author | Khan, Zawar Muhammad Aamir, Muhammad Aamir Khan, Rizwanullah Mohd Yousof, Mohd Fairouz |
| author_facet | Khan, Zawar Muhammad Aamir, Muhammad Aamir Khan, Rizwanullah Mohd Yousof, Mohd Fairouz |
| author_sort | Khan, Zawar |
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| content_provider | Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia |
| content_source | UTHM Institutional Repository |
| continent | Asia |
| country | Malaysia |
| description | The growing integration of distributed generation (DG) from renewable energy sources (RES) in modern power systems highlights the need for advanced hierarchical control strategies. The primary layer is typically implemented using a linear controller, while the secondary control relies on complex control strategies. Due to this hierarchical control AC microgrid (MG) faces unequal power sharing or power quality problems. This paper presents a hierarchical control scheme for islanded AC MG to effectively manage power between DG units. The scheme operates with a non-linear controller consisting of finite control set-voltage model predictive control (FCS-VMPC) at the primary layer and a consensus algorithm at the secondary layer. Primary control, utilizing
droop control and FCS-VMPC, is independently implemented for frequency and voltage regulation across DG units. Droop control manages power distribution between DG units and loads. Meanwhile, the secondary layer based on the consensus algorithm collaborates with FCS-VMPC to establish reference voltage values and adjust deviations at the primary level. The proposed hierarchical control facilitates communication between adjacent nodes by a sparse network. This reduces the complexity of the network with FCS-VMPC at the primary and consensus algorithm at the secondary layer. The secondary controller’s effectiveness is tested against transients, unbalanced loads, and dynamic load changes. The results confirm that the MG effectively supplies power while maintaining stable voltage and frequency, achieving a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.95 % and a maximum voltage deviation of 0.0001 pu respectively. |
| format | Article |
| id | my.uthm.eprints-12707 |
| institution | Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | elsevier |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | my.uthm.eprints-127072025-06-25T23:43:47Z http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/12707/ Optimising islanded AC microgrid control: A hierarchical approach with FCS-VMPC and consensus algorithm Khan, Zawar Muhammad Aamir, Muhammad Aamir Khan, Rizwanullah Mohd Yousof, Mohd Fairouz TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering The growing integration of distributed generation (DG) from renewable energy sources (RES) in modern power systems highlights the need for advanced hierarchical control strategies. The primary layer is typically implemented using a linear controller, while the secondary control relies on complex control strategies. Due to this hierarchical control AC microgrid (MG) faces unequal power sharing or power quality problems. This paper presents a hierarchical control scheme for islanded AC MG to effectively manage power between DG units. The scheme operates with a non-linear controller consisting of finite control set-voltage model predictive control (FCS-VMPC) at the primary layer and a consensus algorithm at the secondary layer. Primary control, utilizing droop control and FCS-VMPC, is independently implemented for frequency and voltage regulation across DG units. Droop control manages power distribution between DG units and loads. Meanwhile, the secondary layer based on the consensus algorithm collaborates with FCS-VMPC to establish reference voltage values and adjust deviations at the primary level. The proposed hierarchical control facilitates communication between adjacent nodes by a sparse network. This reduces the complexity of the network with FCS-VMPC at the primary and consensus algorithm at the secondary layer. The secondary controller’s effectiveness is tested against transients, unbalanced loads, and dynamic load changes. The results confirm that the MG effectively supplies power while maintaining stable voltage and frequency, achieving a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.95 % and a maximum voltage deviation of 0.0001 pu respectively. elsevier 2025 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/12707/1/J19557_08f64426912e6b066eb30f8df5d060c8.pdf Khan, Zawar and Muhammad Aamir, Muhammad Aamir and Khan, Rizwanullah and Mohd Yousof, Mohd Fairouz (2025) Optimising islanded AC microgrid control: A hierarchical approach with FCS-VMPC and consensus algorithm. Results in Engineering, 25. pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104154 |
| spellingShingle | TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Khan, Zawar Muhammad Aamir, Muhammad Aamir Khan, Rizwanullah Mohd Yousof, Mohd Fairouz Optimising islanded AC microgrid control: A hierarchical approach with FCS-VMPC and consensus algorithm |
| title | Optimising islanded AC microgrid control: A hierarchical approach with FCS-VMPC and consensus algorithm |
| title_full | Optimising islanded AC microgrid control: A hierarchical approach with FCS-VMPC and consensus algorithm |
| title_fullStr | Optimising islanded AC microgrid control: A hierarchical approach with FCS-VMPC and consensus algorithm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimising islanded AC microgrid control: A hierarchical approach with FCS-VMPC and consensus algorithm |
| title_short | Optimising islanded AC microgrid control: A hierarchical approach with FCS-VMPC and consensus algorithm |
| title_sort | optimising islanded ac microgrid control: a hierarchical approach with fcs-vmpc and consensus algorithm |
| topic | TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering |
| url | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/12707/1/J19557_08f64426912e6b066eb30f8df5d060c8.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/12707/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104154 |
| url_provider | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/ |