A wearable Coplanar Vivaldi Antenna (CVA) for Internet of Things (IoT)-based toddler stunting detection
Stunting is a significant health issue affecting the growth of children under five, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to develop a portable stunting detection system integrated with a wearable Coplanar Vivaldi Antenna (CVA) using the Internet of Things (IoT) and an ESP32 microcon...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
PUBETA SINGLE MEMBER P.C
2025
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| Online Access: | http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/29510/2/02702120120261648462899.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/29510/ https://www.etasr.com/index.php/ETASR/article/view/12430 https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.12430 |
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| Summary: | Stunting is a significant health issue affecting the growth of children under five, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to develop a portable stunting detection system integrated with a wearable Coplanar Vivaldi Antenna (CVA) using the Internet of Things (IoT) and an ESP32 microcontroller. The system comprises two components: a hat embedded with ultrasonic and flex sensors for measuring height and head circumference, and a platform equipped with a load cell sensor to measure body weight. The ESP-NOW communication protocol is implemented to enable real-time data synchronization. The CVA is integrated into the hat to enable wireless data transmission via IoT to the receiver unit. A parametric study of the CVA was conducted to investigate the effects of cavity width and corrugation. Simulation results show that a CVA with a cavity radius of 3.5 mm achieves an S11 below –10 dB across 1.98–3.76 GHz and
5.27–10.84 GHz, (133.17% bandwidth). Variations in the corrugated structure lead to differences in directivity, with the highest gain observed in CVA type C at 7.858 dBi. CVA type J demonstrates resonances at 2.39 GHz (–35.05 dB) and 5.87 GHz (–28.99 dB). The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) was
measured using a child voxel with a value of 0.279 W/kg. Testing shows high accuracy, with error rates of 0.16% for height, 0.13% for head circumference, and 0.08% for body weight, with a data transmission success rate of 93% up to 20 m. The system also calculates Z-scores based on World Health Organization (WHO) standards. |
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