Interdigitated capacitor based frequency splitting differential microwave sensor for complete dielectric characterization of organic liquids

This work presents an interdigitated capacitor split ring resonator based frequency splitting differential microwave sensor for complete dielectric characterization of organic liquid samples over a wide permittivity range. The proposed sensor comprises of two identical resonators excited by a common...

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Main Authors: Shankar Das, Gouree, Buragohain, Akash, Beria, Yatish, Kalita, Partha Protim, Doloi, Trishna, Al Gburi, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah
Format: Article
Language:en
Published: Elsevier B.V. 2025
Online Access:http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/29324/2/02702250420252348331760.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/29324/
https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/271352/1-s2.0-S0924424724X00163/1-s2.0-S092442472401121X/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEJP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIQCWtvP1GhhnwvRKFsHHRHp1RIq0M9KVPtH8vMF%2Bq65pVwIgbNSKWim%2FUHGAXA3vNW2BqbO2l3uvPiBRtoJsk9QsNrwqsgUIXBAFGgwwNTkwMDM1NDY4NjUiDLLZpcd7l7zp9zMvhCqPBS2S%2FtPJJwzhIeMNSo3JdBYPe4O1lqE2d2dO68Sg0Qo5iq3ESwkZ1dzrpe6NLWFG24Un01xISSN1I1Tdr%2BGg9NZOf3kImnBYtHHV1cflrzitIRnYl1agu5dE3X35%2FEaRGeDW9NRNGjDby0MeNJmVzP3SuLAxsFAYegUs7qBC4EFEkKbjSB60fvCtHleYJ8hRfNZeiLZM1XAnPf9nkdAtsSzaEKbBkPuhMHSF4T9XPuAV6XUt7GSKTQ41b0gem2KNpnKoOQPvgtUZg4fZe3Aj8juKIXFIM61TZ%2BuwJbsU3U5JFw27TN2%2Fx3vz%2Fjpgv4JbXj1cm7nkerxuXgON7q2AuMAk9cI%2BNGtI8D9ZaXasvVUuE3Hd0DCt05qHfzMCxaegjkmTgdmLfOEpV6ANHy2UZvSdQphjw4zpcCxkxyMteNTwqVypVnvB%2BWxHArQzc7uE%2FxY0inSlHwTcHYqZmG3nBt%2FTy0VRCP%2BkzsiUoGriXczL9f7YJF6MN9bxHiH5Q61RV%2F0O94Yfs0nmFSiwY04LjtDio8msXD7A2bprECaRiB4o8MF6CL5fCuu3%2BD1pcwIxcbDLBqUTaYUt%2FRSGOPp3L856%2F8GG%2BH07ACz4FuBR%2FGAqPiBVCOfK1YSJsS6FAJbe2C3kA%2FcPoFeAhnSi6U2RStMzs6HgXX5t%2BtjQytyj5o0%2FCJyptI9uLnMBNGjd544EHuZvEx4tIXkwxRWg8ubhObeecCnP8dlQtiYvOmIO%2Fd98OFSp%2FkEnptWTQoFPkHkXArfDbm9saiZBU5kykYmaD0rDrHR5xjtsu58cy7pndL4CJ0Fl56y6P%2FvjlRyNxkym6lHR0mt1bkGNTBG3X1k%2FhFaxbTXgw4eNl0UZq7iZ7c4w4ISDygY6sQHuI7akEnXIzPVPDNSDdbBq4NRHO7vSXjTfgrGXkdJPO%2Fme%2F33Z%2BCPw4y6AhVvfyFUR2zwI46lI2SB9HhPzjNJpipjeZUlaT6cnZbIwK3URm2cd%2FUdJVewqUQ%2BTpMDS4H4ReLBxdx4H9s1ZfKIPvkDyEBoibcRrfnrwAuQ2NhBjgJ2e2O5yU3ULRRaWlAxet2oy%2Fi1W5rQSU%2FkjxcNq9moXn9E5wQt3fSLplFvQBS3OS28%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20251216T024946Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTY6OLLW427%2F20251216%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=33fa6f7149664b2bde6aae76f4fc837f13c371ed8c356fe970d027f82570514f&hash=03d3bb9cb0368e4780d556c6b014659115f29456890ae91299446d1480bf1c70&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S092442472401121X&tid=spdf-9773fdcd-a5d0-4b0b-99a9-f0b044d6e4a5&sid=742f001a75de7443e758aaa084c7b031fe00gxrqb&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&rh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&ua=0319560601010b03&rr=9aeade926eed4d6f&cc=my
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2024.116127
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Summary:This work presents an interdigitated capacitor split ring resonator based frequency splitting differential microwave sensor for complete dielectric characterization of organic liquid samples over a wide permittivity range. The proposed sensor comprises of two identical resonators excited by a common feedline and to achieve differential sensing, one of the resonators is loaded with a sample while the other is taken as the reference. Unlike other split ring resonator sensors, the proposed sensor provides a distributed high concentration of electric field around its whole perimeter thereby increasing the sensitivity. The sensor is validated in both simulation and experimentation, and we have obtained a very high normalized sensitivity of 4.66 % for the widest range of dielectric constant 1–80.4, which is among the highest reported thus far. The sensor shows a maximum error of 3.82 % in determining the complex permittivity of unknown liquids which signifies its accuracy and applicability. The proposed sensor also possesses the additional advantage of differential sensing to minimize additional measurement errors.