Comparative studies of the tribological characteristics of conventional SAE 40 and blended SAE 40 lubricants

The rising prices, pollution, and harmful environmental impacts of mineral-based lubricants have necessitated the need to search for alternatives. This study compared the tribological properties of conventional SAE 40 lubricant and Shea butter blended SAE 40 lubricant on a pin and disc tribometer. T...

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Main Authors:	Samuel, Joseph, Kaisan, Muhammad Usman, Sanusi, Yinka Sofihullahi, Aliyu, Abdulkabir, Experience, Akhigbe Efeosa
Format:	Article
Language:	en
Published:	Elsevier B.V. 2025
Online Access:	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/29249/2/02728310720251242171960.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/29249/ https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/785335/1-s2.0-S2950425225X00037/1-s2.0-S2950425225000647/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEM7%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIC30tGzSFL7Olds5hsfosRxb9NnWFK%2B16d2Vi%2FQoYyIuAiAi6dzs03PU0hwNLYZmIVABorKo5k7hOPbS%2BnZQPalGYyq8BQiX%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAUaDDA1OTAwMzU0Njg2NSIMA8RFQnxYorxPTDEwKpAF3OZHfIaijGnyA%2F8Q05alyI0sc4uLppDFns1qw%2B%2FVmRbhcSlEPRju9kzhzbIhthXvX3zKFOusIZwzmh9tZqXtOGBEioadh4yAYiz1IglkDE1qfT2cfX2NyyadClWIU5c5UWhkfj68YPbKfrC9EOwTYYvIEXMwV%2FqubCJfnpomsR1CVhS95xXuj%2B9h3qx9hor%2FRG1XuAE%2BbL4Mt9%2BJJHh8N2PliIxYpQAIuNhi373o9XbFE8hcJPsKL8NhEzuBXgkdZLEpugVFnj4ErkHqdpjqx7%2BG6y5xcZBkrXfd3DLQcSoc1ofTtKrE79mFmrFayIQE%2Bph4NG918TI62UiIJGsCCMSjSQq4f%2Ft%2Fkt7wUxrhTzNhqxyLpwNcX1wXc05ATxYceAgbPUlm2iWEMK7yrxXMCsTazWh4qp1gq8ywiTTcgQch6yP5auJsvUb6Lob8YpN6ZhVQEzqbJXDxhYrIUPQWpBzgg5m9SqNxUL9oLjwiK4%2BH9IpAJIO6cg9faUuYwrwf52YF1cIsSWcneVXpB%2Bs6gkm0KvFhmrPgj63g3Elz7LeQ7uQtvxR21QOZMLohGKsb101TR4K4BT5vqW9dS%2BRcWRh0E0Eq0OcJ1y1qWdQ9RKb9TFQ60t%2FMPjzYew%2Bfumqa%2FZvBMW%2FzyllnO4e4pbDL9qBD7zh3xluqQkDxlGquw1mb0H5jgoXQqi%2F%2Ba%2FYLhq%2BqYQ8h9v%2FHSoxGOJcIA48yUoVr0YTMin0mbmfDhuKg%2BBNUCAkiMHSNtdd5ZKvT%2F2ccR3JOLIwzINkmxbT9GsADbz0oHDx7N6mEiyYZ2vwhKs6l3k7WSFAnTR6q8hb3wmEryBzZbIv58Oqu4FKXEBuieuoaiwoSaI1939Pb7t1Hbvow6sefyQY6sgFWeug5x0JSs4T3BI4JpseNBS6KFUvQl0itN6QGkBblgOE%2FYUtrr%2BXk8FtBn%2BliYLGvG0xbAPYXQL%2FiA0A6U39oxGrdc%2F6BUVT80cvlAmpRrgJT%2FuuI4ffQQRjqd2H7UYIOeDFNxKphZ%2BOiNsuVJZyKh4vgOWKEhUrsk4qyH%2B%2FG0Jk5%2BoWIuBQIF%2B182%2BPb%2BBGvtBXkipGfWGJE%2FKdGzJ%2B7OLO0Hbyz4xhNsqkr7rAlRFLc&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20251127T064732Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTY6ZDOKYKY%2F20251127%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=fdad476c08750d48c85336bee854031168ac27d50ea2cad4267c0310833d5cd3&hash=396709d33a685e11d19d01fac356ede8d48824ad36cbec4cc285dbaeedfac320&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S2950425225000647&tid=spdf-b130f064-0cbc-4c96-a3d3-113efb4a403e&sid=125e7dbd2835414cf719ad5-ee0f8b7c7419gxrqb&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&rh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&ua=171f5f05560501050606&rr=9a4facbc18ff4748&cc=my https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pes.2025.100112
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