Tribological evaluation of a novel scallop-shell CaCO3 additive for extracted banana peel oil lubricant
Nowadays, many sectors use lubrication derived from petroleum oil, resulting in severe environmental pollution. Hence, as a countermeasure, developing lubricants from organic sources is gaining attention. This research aimed to formulate a new bio-based banana peel oil by adding scallop shell nanopa...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
Malaysian Tribology Society (Mytribos)
2024
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| Online Access: | http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/28696/2/JT-43-71-85.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/28696/ https://jurnaltribologi.mytribos.org/v43/JT-43-71-85.pdf |
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| Summary: | Nowadays, many sectors use lubrication derived from petroleum oil, resulting in severe environmental pollution. Hence, as a countermeasure, developing lubricants from organic sources is gaining attention. This research aimed to formulate a new bio-based banana peel oil by adding scallop shell nanoparticles (SSNs) as an additive. The process involved extracting banana peel oil (BPO) using a Szf-06A Soxhlet extraction fat analyser. The extracted oil was mixed with 0.5 vol% of three types of SSNs as an additive, and the mixture was then homogenised using ultrasonication. A tribological test using a four-ball tester, according to ASTM D-4172, was performed to determine the coefficient of friction (CoF) and the wear scar diameter (WSD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to verify the wear mechanism. Samples with commercial-sized SSN additives yielded the best CoF (0.08385) and WSD (0.67 mm) results, indicating that commercial SSN additives can improve the physical properties and enhance the excellent anti-wear and anti-friction characteristics of lubricant mixtures compared to mineral oil. |
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