Extraction and purification of phytosterols mixture from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) using multistage extraction processes
Phytosterols are among the bioactive compounds naturally present in vegetable oils and their by-products or derivatives. A phytosterol resource (PSR), solid by-product from the extraction of vitamin E in palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), contains 2%-4% (w/w) total sterols. Therefore, the extraction...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
Malaysian Palm Oil Board
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97240/1/ABSTRACT.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97240/ http://jopr.mpob.gov.my/extraction-and-purification-of-phytosterols-mixture-from-palm-fatty-acid-distillate-pfad-using-multistage-extraction-processes/ |
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| Summary: | Phytosterols are among the bioactive compounds naturally present in vegetable oils and their by-products or derivatives. A phytosterol resource (PSR), solid by-product from the extraction of vitamin E in palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), contains 2%-4% (w/w) total sterols. Therefore, the extraction of phytosterols from the PSR in a mini-pilot scale involving multistage extraction processes was developed to recover the valuable minor component. The multistage extraction and purification processes comprised of solid-liquid extraction (SLE) with hexane at 35°C in 1 hr, saponification reaction at the reflux temperature of 80°C for 1 hr, liquidliquid extraction (LLE) with hexane and water, and crystallisation and vacuum filtration at -5°C for 20 hr. On average, gas chromatographic (GC) analysis showed the phytosterols recovered from the extraction and purification process had more than 80% purity. The recovery of total sterols from the PSR was 84% composed of β-sitosterol (21%-22%), campesterol (13%-20%) and stigmasterol (59%-64%). This extraction process is technically feasible to extract and produce crude phytosterols from a PFAD by-product. |
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