Secondary tree crops boost butterfly diversity and abundance in oil palm alley-cropping systems

Conventional oil palm monocultures negatively impact biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, emphasizing the need for more sustainable production systems. Alley-cropping agroforestry, which integrates secondary crops within oil palm rows, may enhance habitat complexity and support greater biodiversi...

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Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Ashraf, Mohamad, Hosaka, Tetsuro, Azhar, Badrul, Norhisham, Ahmad R., Sanusi, Ruzana, Nakabayashi, Miyabi, Moslim, Ramle, Zulkifli, Raja, Tohiran, Kamil A.
Format:	Article
Language:	en
Published:	Springer Science and Business Media B.V. 2026
Subjects:	Forestry Agronomy and Crop Science
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/124620/1/124620.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/124620/ https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10457-026-01451-5
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