Biocompatible graphite-coated electrodes for sustainable plant-based energy harvesting

The environmental effects of fossil fuel consumption have continued to promote research in other energy sources that are more eco-friendly and can be sustained in the long run. One of the promising energy harvesting methods is plant-based energy harvesting, which has been considered a potential appr...

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Main Authors: Rahman, Sk Rakibur, Ngu, Eng Eng, Chung, Gwo Chin, Pang, Wai Leong, Tan, Kar Ban, Kumar Singh, Ajay, Ashraf, Muhammad Aqeel, Chan, Kah Yoong
Format: Article
Language:en
Published: Taylor and Francis Ltd. 2026
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Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/124062/1/124062.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/124062/
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24749508.2026.2640713
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Summary:The environmental effects of fossil fuel consumption have continued to promote research in other energy sources that are more eco-friendly and can be sustained in the long run. One of the promising energy harvesting methods is plant-based energy harvesting, which has been considered a potential approach in developing energy harvesting systems for low-power applications, such as precision agriculture, environmental monitoring, and IoT sensor networks. The present research aimed to evaluate the potential of long-term energy harvesting using an Aloe vera plant, considering its health and the biocompatibility of electrodes. There was a challenge when uncoated zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) electrodes emitted toxic ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+) that initiated foliar desiccation, tissue necrosis, and physiological degradation. Graphite-coated electrodes were henceforth brought in as biocompatible alternatives for reducing ion leakage while maintaining electrical conductivity. A commercially used wound-healing agent was also applied at sites of electrode insertion to facilitate tissue conservation. The health of the plants and energy harvesting were monitored over a period of 7 days. The results of this research have shown that material modification and application of a wound-healing agent have a positive effect on plant health without compromising energy harvesting.