Effect of multilayer SnO2 architectures on charge transport and optical properties in triple-cation perovskite solar cells

Effect of multilayer SnO2 architectures on charge transport and optical properties in triple-cation perovskite solar cells

Triple-cation halide perovskites have emerged as highly promising absorbers for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to their excellent intrinsic optoelectronic properties. Nevertheless, challenges such as device instability and current-voltage hysteresis, often originating from hydroxyl-rich electro...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Wira, Nur Farah Hanun, Hong, Kai Jeat, Yap, Chi Chin, Chong, Kok Keong, Liew, Josephine Ying Chyi, Lee, Hock Beng, Kang, Jae Wook, Jumali, Mohammad Hafizuddin, Mohd Zaid, Mohd Hafiz, Tan, Sin Tee
Format: Article
Language:en
Published: Elsevier 2026
Subjects:
Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Spectroscopy
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/123706/1/123706.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/123706/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925346726001060
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Summary:Triple-cation halide perovskites have emerged as highly promising absorbers for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to their excellent intrinsic optoelectronic properties. Nevertheless, challenges such as device instability and current-voltage hysteresis, often originating from hydroxyl-rich electron transport layers (ETLs) like ZnO and TiO2, continue to hinder device performance. In this work, SnO2-based ETLs with different layer architectures were engineered and integrated into planar PSCs (FTO/SnO2/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag) to mitigate these limitations. Three ETL configurations were investigated: a reference bilayer comprising one amorphous and one crystalline SnO2 layer (1A1C), a single amorphous layer with a double crystalline stack (1A2C), and a double amorphous layer with a single crystalline layer (2A1C). Comprehensive structural, optical, and photovoltaic analyses revealed that the 1A2C configuration delivered the best performance, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.33% (VOC = 1.04 V, JSC = 15.46 mA cm−2 and FF = 71.50%), compared to 12.16% for the 1A1C reference. The superior efficiency of the 1A2C device is attributed to improved charge transport layer and suppressed carrier recombination at the ETL/perovskite interface, arising from optimized ETL architecture. This study demonstrates a simple yet effective route for enhancing PSC efficiency and stability, offering valuable insights for advancing perovskite device engineering.

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