Operational efficiency of pharmaceutical companies in China: based on three-stage DEA with undesirable outputs

After a period of rapid growth, China’s pharmaceutical industry is facing multiple challenges, including insufficient innovation and severe pollution. Current research on the efficiency of pharmaceutical companies in China primarily focuses on financial or innovation aspects. Therefore, a holistic a...

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Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Sun, Jiaqiang, Rosli, Anita, Daud, Adrian
Format:	Article
Language:	en
Published:	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2025
Subjects:	Computer Science (miscellaneous) Geography, Planning and Development
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/123111/1/123111.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/123111/ https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/1/207
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