Neuroprotective effects of Ficus deltoidea in Alzheimer’s disease-like rat model: insights from behavior, histology, and amyloid pathology

Neuroprotective effects of Ficus deltoidea in Alzheimer’s disease-like rat model: insights from behavior, histology, and amyloid pathology

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by cognitive decline, memory impairment, and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. While current treatments offer limited efficacy, medicinal plants such as Ficus deltoidea (FD), a traditional remedy, have shown promise du...

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Main Authors: Usman, Abdulhamid Sani, Manoharan, Sushmitaa Dhevii, Che Mohd Nassir, Che Mohd Nasril, Abdul Hamid, Hafizah, Hein, Zaw Myo, Norazit, Anwar, Murthy, Jayakumar, Zainol, Murizal, Kamaruzzaman, Mohd Amir, Chiroma, Samaila Musa, Mustapha, Muzaimi, Mohd Moklas, Mohamad Aris, Mehat, Muhammad Zulfadli
Format: Article
Language:en
Published: Springer 2026
Subjects:
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)
Neurology
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/122932/1/122932.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/122932/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12035-025-05642-6?error=cookies_not_supported&code=2fdb9bf5-05d3-4eba-871e-f37c4f8ee579
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Summary:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by cognitive decline, memory impairment, and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. While current treatments offer limited efficacy, medicinal plants such as Ficus deltoidea (FD), a traditional remedy, have shown promise due to their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. An AD-like phenotype was induced in male Wistar rats using D-galactose and aluminum chloride over 70 days. FD extract was administered orally at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. Spatial memory was evaluated using the T-maze test. Histological analyses of the hippocampi’s Cornu Ammonis 1 and 3 (CA1 and CA3) regions were conducted via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and Aβ plaques deposition was assessed with Congo red. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify hippocampal levels of Aβ (1–42) and β-secretase-1 (BACE-1). FD treatment significantly enhanced spatial memory, preserved pyramidal neuron integrity in CA1 and CA3, and reduced amyloid plaque formation. Biochemically, FD markedly decreased hippocampal Aβ (1–42) and BACE-1 concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, FD exhibits multi-target neuroprotective effects in an AD-like model, potentially via modulation of amyloidogenic pathways. Further studies are warranted to explore its mechanisms and therapeutic potential in other brain regions implicated in AD.

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