Sustainable optimization of co-composting horse and chicken manures using response surface methodology (RSM)
The mass production of horse manure (HM) and chicken manure (CM) could be controlled by harnessing their complementary effects via co-composting with sawdust (SW) as bulking agent. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the influence of four independent factors: HM:CM composition...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Taylor and Francis
2025
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/122659/ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1065657X.2025.2476397 |
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| Summary: | The mass production of horse manure (HM) and chicken manure (CM) could be controlled by harnessing their complementary effects via co-composting with sawdust (SW) as bulking agent. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the influence of four independent factors: HM:CM composition (HM:CM), particle size (PS), composting period (CP), and bulking agent amount (BAA) on nine quality parameters. The results showed significant effects on carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, nitrogen (N), potassium (K), dry matter, moisture content, and bulk density but not on organic matter, phosphorus, and pH value. The optimum condition was obtained with 87:13 for HM:CM (%), PS of 0.5 cm, 32 days of CP with 20% of sawdust producing C/N ratio of 20.1, 2.1% N and 1.3% K. HM and CM co-compost that meets the desired quality for agricultural use can be achieved through the models derived from RSM optimization. |
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