Effect of fly ash on mechanical properties and microstructural behaviour of injected moulded recycled polypropylene composites
The global challenges of plastic waste and fly ash accumulation demand innovative recycling solutions. In Malaysia, the consumption of 11.2 million tonnes of coal annually generates approximately 2 million tonnes of fly ash, while the recycling of Polypropylene (PP) is hindered by thermo-oxidative a...
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Elsevier Ltd
2025
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| author | Nasir N.H.M. Usman F. Woen E.L. Ansari M.N.M. Sofyan M. |
| author2 | 57435369300 |
| author_facet | 57435369300 Nasir N.H.M. Usman F. Woen E.L. Ansari M.N.M. Sofyan M. |
| author_sort | Nasir N.H.M. |
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| collection | Institutional Repository |
| content_provider | Universiti Tenaga Nasional |
| content_source | UNITEN Institutional Repository |
| continent | Asia |
| country | Malaysia |
| description | The global challenges of plastic waste and fly ash accumulation demand innovative recycling solutions. In Malaysia, the consumption of 11.2 million tonnes of coal annually generates approximately 2 million tonnes of fly ash, while the recycling of Polypropylene (PP) is hindered by thermo-oxidative and shear-induced degradation during mechanical recycling, resulting in reduced mechanical properties. This study addresses these issues by fabricating recycled PP composites incorporating varying fly ash contents, using a single cycle of mechanical recycling with extrusion and injection moulding methods. The composites were comprehensively tested for tensile, flexural, and compressive strengths, as well as microstructural behaviour. The results reveal a complex relationship between fly ash content and mechanical performance: while tensile strength decreases with increasing fly ash, flexural strength and strain peak at 5 % and 9 % fly ash, respectively. Compressive strength also shows a slight increase up to 7 % fly ash, indicating an optimal range for enhancing mechanical performance. Furthermore, mathematical models were proposed to predict the mechanical properties of rPP ? fly ash composites, providing a valuable tool for future material design. These findings demonstrate that optimization of fly ash content can mitigate the effects of polymer degradation, offering a sustainable solution to improving the mechanical performance of this composite. ? 2024 Elsevier Ltd |
| format | Article |
| id | my.uniten.dspace-36322 |
| institution | Universiti Tenaga Nasional |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | my.uniten.dspace-363222025-03-03T15:41:55Z Effect of fly ash on mechanical properties and microstructural behaviour of injected moulded recycled polypropylene composites Nasir N.H.M. Usman F. Woen E.L. Ansari M.N.M. Sofyan M. 57435369300 55812540000 57215507629 55489853600 59282309400 Coal ash Compressive strength Fly ash Polypropylenes Fly ash content Global challenges Mechanical Mechanical performance Mechanical recycling Micro-structural Plastics waste Polypropylene composite Property Recycled polypropylene Plastic recycling The global challenges of plastic waste and fly ash accumulation demand innovative recycling solutions. In Malaysia, the consumption of 11.2 million tonnes of coal annually generates approximately 2 million tonnes of fly ash, while the recycling of Polypropylene (PP) is hindered by thermo-oxidative and shear-induced degradation during mechanical recycling, resulting in reduced mechanical properties. This study addresses these issues by fabricating recycled PP composites incorporating varying fly ash contents, using a single cycle of mechanical recycling with extrusion and injection moulding methods. The composites were comprehensively tested for tensile, flexural, and compressive strengths, as well as microstructural behaviour. The results reveal a complex relationship between fly ash content and mechanical performance: while tensile strength decreases with increasing fly ash, flexural strength and strain peak at 5 % and 9 % fly ash, respectively. Compressive strength also shows a slight increase up to 7 % fly ash, indicating an optimal range for enhancing mechanical performance. Furthermore, mathematical models were proposed to predict the mechanical properties of rPP ? fly ash composites, providing a valuable tool for future material design. These findings demonstrate that optimization of fly ash content can mitigate the effects of polymer degradation, offering a sustainable solution to improving the mechanical performance of this composite. ? 2024 Elsevier Ltd Final 2025-03-03T07:41:55Z 2025-03-03T07:41:55Z 2024 Article 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138130 2-s2.0-85202976335 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85202976335&doi=10.1016%2fj.conbuildmat.2024.138130&partnerID=40&md5=e610aa1fd57984ef6377f4430f676d29 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/36322 447 138130 Elsevier Ltd Scopus |
| spellingShingle | Coal ash Compressive strength Fly ash Polypropylenes Fly ash content Global challenges Mechanical Mechanical performance Mechanical recycling Micro-structural Plastics waste Polypropylene composite Property Recycled polypropylene Plastic recycling Nasir N.H.M. Usman F. Woen E.L. Ansari M.N.M. Sofyan M. Effect of fly ash on mechanical properties and microstructural behaviour of injected moulded recycled polypropylene composites |
| title | Effect of fly ash on mechanical properties and microstructural behaviour of injected moulded recycled polypropylene composites |
| title_full | Effect of fly ash on mechanical properties and microstructural behaviour of injected moulded recycled polypropylene composites |
| title_fullStr | Effect of fly ash on mechanical properties and microstructural behaviour of injected moulded recycled polypropylene composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of fly ash on mechanical properties and microstructural behaviour of injected moulded recycled polypropylene composites |
| title_short | Effect of fly ash on mechanical properties and microstructural behaviour of injected moulded recycled polypropylene composites |
| title_sort | effect of fly ash on mechanical properties and microstructural behaviour of injected moulded recycled polypropylene composites |
| topic | Coal ash Compressive strength Fly ash Polypropylenes Fly ash content Global challenges Mechanical Mechanical performance Mechanical recycling Micro-structural Plastics waste Polypropylene composite Property Recycled polypropylene Plastic recycling |
| url_provider | http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/ |