Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy gain controller for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) load frequency control
Load Frequency Control (LFC) has gained more importance with the introduction of deregulated Renewable Energy Sources (RES) connectivity with the grid. Electrical Vehicles (EVs) can feed electricity back into the grid in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) mode to maintain stability. However, the increasing numbe...
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2025
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| author | Marsadek M. Nagi F. Permal N. Ramasamy A.A. Azwin A. |
| author2 | 26423183000 |
| author_facet | 26423183000 Marsadek M. Nagi F. Permal N. Ramasamy A.A. Azwin A. |
| author_sort | Marsadek M. |
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| continent | Asia |
| country | Malaysia |
| description | Load Frequency Control (LFC) has gained more importance with the introduction of deregulated Renewable Energy Sources (RES) connectivity with the grid. Electrical Vehicles (EVs) can feed electricity back into the grid in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) mode to maintain stability. However, the increasing number of EVs penetrating the grid causes frequency instability in the power system. If required, EVs may utilize bi-directional chargers to transfer power back to the grid in the V2G mode while they are charging or in a grid-connected state, restoring the frequency instability of the grid. The frequency restoration response time is important to reset the grid frequency fluctuations in the shortest time possible to avoid shutting down the power system. This paper presents a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy linear output controller for LFC in two-area systems with tie-line control. This work models EV batteries as a single lump of large-capacity battery energy storage systems. The EV's battery system provides ancillary power to the two-area power system to reset it to a steady state after a load disturbance. The T-S fuzzy controller's linear output dependency on its inputs enables it to respond efficiently to load variations in the nonlinear two-area power systems. The proposed controller parameters are evaluated from stability analyses and its robustness is tested with sensitivity analysis. It is compared with other fuzzy controllers, and it demonstrates a fast-settling time and reduced frequency deviation response. ? 2024 |
| format | Article |
| id | my.uniten.dspace-36107 |
| institution | Universiti Tenaga Nasional |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Academic Press |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | my.uniten.dspace-361072025-03-03T15:41:23Z Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy gain controller for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) load frequency control Marsadek M. Nagi F. Permal N. Ramasamy A.A. Azwin A. 26423183000 56272534200 56781496300 16023154400 57201882059 Bode diagrams Control system stability Electric load management Electric power system stability Fast charging (Batteries) Frequency stability Fuzzy control Geophysical prospecting Invariance Lumped parameter networks Robustness (control systems) Sailing vessels Vehicle-to-grid Battery lumped model Euler solver Implicit euler solver Load-frequency control Lumped models Power Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy controllers Tie-line controls Vehicle to Grid (V2G) Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) Sensitivity analysis Load Frequency Control (LFC) has gained more importance with the introduction of deregulated Renewable Energy Sources (RES) connectivity with the grid. Electrical Vehicles (EVs) can feed electricity back into the grid in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) mode to maintain stability. However, the increasing number of EVs penetrating the grid causes frequency instability in the power system. If required, EVs may utilize bi-directional chargers to transfer power back to the grid in the V2G mode while they are charging or in a grid-connected state, restoring the frequency instability of the grid. The frequency restoration response time is important to reset the grid frequency fluctuations in the shortest time possible to avoid shutting down the power system. This paper presents a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy linear output controller for LFC in two-area systems with tie-line control. This work models EV batteries as a single lump of large-capacity battery energy storage systems. The EV's battery system provides ancillary power to the two-area power system to reset it to a steady state after a load disturbance. The T-S fuzzy controller's linear output dependency on its inputs enables it to respond efficiently to load variations in the nonlinear two-area power systems. The proposed controller parameters are evaluated from stability analyses and its robustness is tested with sensitivity analysis. It is compared with other fuzzy controllers, and it demonstrates a fast-settling time and reduced frequency deviation response. ? 2024 Final 2025-03-03T07:41:23Z 2025-03-03T07:41:23Z 2024 Article 10.1016/j.sasc.2024.200150 2-s2.0-85206204630 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85206204630&doi=10.1016%2fj.sasc.2024.200150&partnerID=40&md5=346bdc9f66f25b7d95b18f4f6ba8dd6d https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/36107 6 200150 All Open Access; Gold Open Access Academic Press Scopus |
| spellingShingle | Bode diagrams Control system stability Electric load management Electric power system stability Fast charging (Batteries) Frequency stability Fuzzy control Geophysical prospecting Invariance Lumped parameter networks Robustness (control systems) Sailing vessels Vehicle-to-grid Battery lumped model Euler solver Implicit euler solver Load-frequency control Lumped models Power Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy controllers Tie-line controls Vehicle to Grid (V2G) Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) Sensitivity analysis Marsadek M. Nagi F. Permal N. Ramasamy A.A. Azwin A. Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy gain controller for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) load frequency control |
| title | Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy gain controller for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) load frequency control |
| title_full | Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy gain controller for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) load frequency control |
| title_fullStr | Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy gain controller for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) load frequency control |
| title_full_unstemmed | Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy gain controller for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) load frequency control |
| title_short | Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy gain controller for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) load frequency control |
| title_sort | takagi-sugeno fuzzy gain controller for vehicle-to-grid (v2g) load frequency control |
| topic | Bode diagrams Control system stability Electric load management Electric power system stability Fast charging (Batteries) Frequency stability Fuzzy control Geophysical prospecting Invariance Lumped parameter networks Robustness (control systems) Sailing vessels Vehicle-to-grid Battery lumped model Euler solver Implicit euler solver Load-frequency control Lumped models Power Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy controllers Tie-line controls Vehicle to Grid (V2G) Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) Sensitivity analysis |
| url_provider | http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/ |