Removal of Heavy Metal Ions Using Magnetic Materials
Heavy metal ions contaminate water environment through point sources and nonpoint sources. Heavy metal ions are categorized as inorganic contaminants by both the WHO and the USEPA. The heavy metal ions are increasingly being introduced into the environment as pollutants and contaminants resulting...
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| Format: | Book Chapter |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
Springer
2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/34472/1/heev20chap10.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/34472/ https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-55172-8_9 |
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| Summary: | Heavy metal ions contaminate water environment through point sources
and nonpoint sources. Heavy metal ions are categorized as inorganic contaminants
by both the WHO and the USEPA. The heavy metal ions are increasingly being
introduced into the environment as pollutants and contaminants resulting from
human activities.
Magnetic particles for water treatment applications have received considerable
attention from researchers due to high separation efficiency. The magnetic particles
behave similar to or even better than various commercial adsorbents. The magnetic particles also exhibit high selectivity for the target pollutants from the environment
besides enabling ease of operation for reducing the particle separation steps from the
flowing stream. A comprehensive and systematic understanding of synthesis and
surface modifications of magnetic particles is significant to enhance their practicability in environmental technology. Although high removal performance and reactivity can be achieved by smaller particle size, the stability, toxicity, and recovery of
the particles magnetically could be challenging.
In contrast, the active surface of magnetic particles may be forfeited, while
surface modifications stabilize and reduce the toxicity of the particles. Reliable
surface modifications are necessarily needed for the increment of the number of
active sites to remove the heavy metals. For successful environmental applications of
the magnetic particles, modification on the magnetic particles is principally crucial to
balance the effects on their reactivity, capacity, and reusability. |
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