Efects of dietary vitamins C and E on growth performance, hematological and biochemical parameters, skeletal abnormalities, and disease resistance against V. harveyi of hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)
Ensuring a well-balanced diet is paramount for the growth and productivity of farmed fsh. The interplay of nutrients, particularly essential vitamins like C and E, is crucial for supporting growth and maintaining health. This study seeks to explore the impact of varying levels of dietary vitamins C...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
Springer Nature
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/43974/1/FULL%20TEXT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/43974/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-025-01832-0 |
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| Summary: | Ensuring a well-balanced diet is paramount for the growth and productivity of farmed fsh. The interplay of nutrients, particularly essential vitamins like C and E, is crucial for supporting growth and maintaining health. This study seeks to explore the impact of varying levels of dietary vitamins C and E on the growth performance, survival rates, hematological and biochemical parameters, skeletal abnormalities, and disease resistance of hybrid grouper juveniles against Vibrio harveyi. Six experimental diets were formulated, varying in vitamin C (0, 20, and 250 mg/kg) and vitamin E (0, 50, and 800 mg/kg) contents. After a 14-week feeding trial, results revealed that vitamin C–defcient diets signifcantly reduced growth performance compared to other treatments. Interestingly, a high level of vitamin C without vitamin E supplementation produced growth efects similar to the control diet. Vitamin C and vitamin E supplementations infuenced both hepatic vitamin C and vitamin E concentrations. Surplus supplementation of vitamin C improves immune response and disease resistance of a hybrid grouper. Skeletal abnormalities were infuenced by dietary vitamin C levels. Overall, supplementation with both vitamins C and E improved growth and disease resistance in hybrid grouper juveniles. Optimal results were achieved with two specifc combinations: 18.3 mg/kg of vitamin C paired with 814.8 mg/kg of vitamin E or 271.8 mg/kg of vitamin C paired with 13.4 mg/kg of vitamin E. |
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