Efficacy of the aqueous extract of azadirachta indica against the marine parasitic leech and its phytochemical profiling
Zeylanicobdella arugamensis (Hirudinea), a marine parasitic leech, not only resulted in the mortality of the host fish (Groupers) but also caused economic losses. The current study aimed to elucidate the antiparasitic efficacy of the aqueous extract of the Azadirachta indica leaves against Z. arugam...
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2021
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30721/1/Efficacy%20of%20the%20aqueous%20extract%20of%20Azadirachta%20indica%20against%20the%20marine%20parasitic%20leech%20and%20its%20phytochemical%20profiling-Abstract.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30721/2/Efficacy%20of%20the%20aqueous%20extract%20of%20Azadirachta%20indica%20against%20the%20marine%20parasitic%20leech%20and%20its%20phytochemical%20profiling.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30721/ https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103862779&doi=10.3390%2fmolecules26071908&partnerID=40&md5=972257a710e43b7dc20650634c89e0e5 |
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| author | Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran Dawglas Josmeh Jen Kit Tan Yoong, Soon Yong Muhammad Dawood Shah |
| author_facet | Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran Dawglas Josmeh Jen Kit Tan Yoong, Soon Yong Muhammad Dawood Shah |
| author_sort | Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran |
| building | UMS Library |
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| content_provider | Universiti Malaysia Sabah |
| content_source | UMS Institutional Repository |
| continent | Asia |
| country | Malaysia |
| description | Zeylanicobdella arugamensis (Hirudinea), a marine parasitic leech, not only resulted in the mortality of the host fish (Groupers) but also caused economic losses. The current study aimed to elucidate the antiparasitic efficacy of the aqueous extract of the Azadirachta indica leaves against Z. arugamensis and to profile the composition via LC-Q Exactive HF Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Different concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg/mL) of A. indica extract were prepared and tested on the parasitic leeches. The total mortality of leeches was noticed with an exposure to the A. indica aqueous extract. The average times required for the aqueous extract at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/mL to kill the leeches were 42.65 ± 9.20, 11.69 ± 1.11 and 6.45 ± 0.45 min, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. The Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis indicated the presence of five flavonoids (myricetin 3-O-galactoside, trifolin, isorhamnetin, quercetin and kaempferol), four aromatics (4-methoxy benzaldehyde, scopoletin, indole-3-acrylic acid and 2,4-quinolinediol), three phenolics (p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and phloretin) and two terpenoids (pulegone and caryophyllene oxide). Thus, our study indicates that A. indica aqueous extract is a good source of metabolites with the potential to act as a biocontrol agent against the marine parasitic leech in aquaculture. |
| format | Article |
| id | my.ums.eprints-30721 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Sabah |
| language | en en |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI |
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| spelling | my.ums.eprints-307212021-10-26T07:31:49Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30721/ Efficacy of the aqueous extract of azadirachta indica against the marine parasitic leech and its phytochemical profiling Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran Dawglas Josmeh Jen Kit Tan Yoong, Soon Yong Muhammad Dawood Shah QL360-599.82 Invertebrates SH20.3-191 Aquaculture Zeylanicobdella arugamensis (Hirudinea), a marine parasitic leech, not only resulted in the mortality of the host fish (Groupers) but also caused economic losses. The current study aimed to elucidate the antiparasitic efficacy of the aqueous extract of the Azadirachta indica leaves against Z. arugamensis and to profile the composition via LC-Q Exactive HF Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Different concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg/mL) of A. indica extract were prepared and tested on the parasitic leeches. The total mortality of leeches was noticed with an exposure to the A. indica aqueous extract. The average times required for the aqueous extract at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/mL to kill the leeches were 42.65 ± 9.20, 11.69 ± 1.11 and 6.45 ± 0.45 min, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. The Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis indicated the presence of five flavonoids (myricetin 3-O-galactoside, trifolin, isorhamnetin, quercetin and kaempferol), four aromatics (4-methoxy benzaldehyde, scopoletin, indole-3-acrylic acid and 2,4-quinolinediol), three phenolics (p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and phloretin) and two terpenoids (pulegone and caryophyllene oxide). Thus, our study indicates that A. indica aqueous extract is a good source of metabolites with the potential to act as a biocontrol agent against the marine parasitic leech in aquaculture. MDPI 2021-03-29 Article PeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30721/1/Efficacy%20of%20the%20aqueous%20extract%20of%20Azadirachta%20indica%20against%20the%20marine%20parasitic%20leech%20and%20its%20phytochemical%20profiling-Abstract.pdf text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30721/2/Efficacy%20of%20the%20aqueous%20extract%20of%20Azadirachta%20indica%20against%20the%20marine%20parasitic%20leech%20and%20its%20phytochemical%20profiling.pdf Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran and Dawglas Josmeh and Jen Kit Tan and Yoong, Soon Yong and Muhammad Dawood Shah (2021) Efficacy of the aqueous extract of azadirachta indica against the marine parasitic leech and its phytochemical profiling. Molecules, 26. pp. 1-10. ISSN 1420-3049 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103862779&doi=10.3390%2fmolecules26071908&partnerID=40&md5=972257a710e43b7dc20650634c89e0e5 ttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071908 ttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071908 |
| spellingShingle | QL360-599.82 Invertebrates SH20.3-191 Aquaculture Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran Dawglas Josmeh Jen Kit Tan Yoong, Soon Yong Muhammad Dawood Shah Efficacy of the aqueous extract of azadirachta indica against the marine parasitic leech and its phytochemical profiling |
| title | Efficacy of the aqueous extract of azadirachta indica against the marine parasitic leech and its phytochemical profiling |
| title_full | Efficacy of the aqueous extract of azadirachta indica against the marine parasitic leech and its phytochemical profiling |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy of the aqueous extract of azadirachta indica against the marine parasitic leech and its phytochemical profiling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy of the aqueous extract of azadirachta indica against the marine parasitic leech and its phytochemical profiling |
| title_short | Efficacy of the aqueous extract of azadirachta indica against the marine parasitic leech and its phytochemical profiling |
| title_sort | efficacy of the aqueous extract of azadirachta indica against the marine parasitic leech and its phytochemical profiling |
| topic | QL360-599.82 Invertebrates SH20.3-191 Aquaculture |
| url | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30721/1/Efficacy%20of%20the%20aqueous%20extract%20of%20Azadirachta%20indica%20against%20the%20marine%20parasitic%20leech%20and%20its%20phytochemical%20profiling-Abstract.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30721/2/Efficacy%20of%20the%20aqueous%20extract%20of%20Azadirachta%20indica%20against%20the%20marine%20parasitic%20leech%20and%20its%20phytochemical%20profiling.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/30721/ https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103862779&doi=10.3390%2fmolecules26071908&partnerID=40&md5=972257a710e43b7dc20650634c89e0e5 |
| url_provider | http://eprints.ums.edu.my/ |