Sulfonated functionalization of carbon derived corncob residue via hydrothermal synthesis route for esterification of palm fatty acid distillate
Low-cost biodiesel was successfully produced through esterification of the high-free fatty acid (FFA) feedstock of palm fatty acid distillate over corncob residue-derived heterogeneous solid acid catalyst. Sulfonated functionalized carbon derived from corncob was synthesized via hydrothermal carboni...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
2020
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/25735/1/Sulfonated%20functionalization%20of%20carbon%20derived%20corncob%20residue%20via%20hydrothermal%20synthesis%20route%20for%20esterification%20of%20palm%20fatty%20acid%20distillate.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/25735/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112698 |
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| Summary: | Low-cost biodiesel was successfully produced through esterification of the high-free fatty acid (FFA) feedstock of palm fatty acid distillate over corncob residue-derived heterogeneous solid acid catalyst. Sulfonated functionalized carbon derived from corncob was synthesized via hydrothermal carbonization followed by chemical activation using concentrated H2SO4. The hydrothermal carbonization technique allows efficient carbonization because it is able to maintain active polar species in the corncob. H2SO4 activation can effectively improve the acid strength of HTC-S catalyst. The HTC-S catalyst was optimized via the OVAT technique, and 92% FFA with a FAME yield of 85% was achieved at optimum conditions of 2 h reaction time, 70 °C reaction temperature, 3wt.% catalyst loading, and 15:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio. Regeneration of the reused HTC-S catalyst via H2SO4 treatment was an effective technique to maintain catalyst stability. |
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