Gene expression in the biosynthesis of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins in dinoflagellates: a mini review
Some dinoflagellates are known to synthesize saxitoxin (STX), a potent neurotoxin that causes severe paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). In addition, several freshwater species of cyanobacteria also synthesize the same toxin with the same biosynthetic pathway and genes responsible. This review focu...
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e-VIBS, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources
2016
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/20213/1/Gene%20expression%20in%20the%20biosynthesis%20of%20Paralytic%20Shellfish%20Poisoning.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/20213/7/Gene%20Expression%20in%20the%20Biosynthesis%20of%20Paralytic.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/20213/ http://www.transectscience.org/pdfs/vol3/no2-2/3_2-2_374-381.pdf |
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| author | Leong, Adrianne Suk Wai Ann Anton Kenneth Francis Rodrigues Chin, Grace Joy Wei Lie |
| author_facet | Leong, Adrianne Suk Wai Ann Anton Kenneth Francis Rodrigues Chin, Grace Joy Wei Lie |
| author_sort | Leong, Adrianne Suk Wai |
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| country | Malaysia |
| description | Some dinoflagellates are known to synthesize saxitoxin (STX), a potent neurotoxin that causes severe paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). In addition, several freshwater species of cyanobacteria also synthesize the same toxin with the same biosynthetic pathway and genes responsible. This review focuses on the gene expression involved in the biosynthesis pathway of PSP toxins in dinoflagellates. The expression of the PSP biosynthetic genes have been identified in certain cyanobacteria and the dinoflagellate Alexandrium sp. with eight genes involved viz. sxtA, sxtB, sxtD, sxtG, sxtH/T, sxtI, sxtS and sxtU. sxtA, a unique starting gene, and sxtG, the second “core” gene appearing in the biosynthesis of PSP toxins are found in both cyanobacteria and Alexandrium sp. Three theories have been proposed to explain the origin of PSP toxin in dinoflagellates: I) the genes are produced by bacteria associated with the dinoflagellates, II) independent evolution III) horizontal gene transfer between cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates. Useful information regarding the expression and function of genes involved in the STX biosynthesis pathway provides an understanding of toxin production and possible mitigation and public health management of STX poisoning. |
| format | Article |
| id | my.ums.eprints-20213 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Sabah |
| language | en en |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | e-VIBS, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources |
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| spelling | my.ums.eprints-202132020-12-20T04:37:35Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/20213/ Gene expression in the biosynthesis of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins in dinoflagellates: a mini review Leong, Adrianne Suk Wai Ann Anton Kenneth Francis Rodrigues Chin, Grace Joy Wei Lie QP Physiology Some dinoflagellates are known to synthesize saxitoxin (STX), a potent neurotoxin that causes severe paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). In addition, several freshwater species of cyanobacteria also synthesize the same toxin with the same biosynthetic pathway and genes responsible. This review focuses on the gene expression involved in the biosynthesis pathway of PSP toxins in dinoflagellates. The expression of the PSP biosynthetic genes have been identified in certain cyanobacteria and the dinoflagellate Alexandrium sp. with eight genes involved viz. sxtA, sxtB, sxtD, sxtG, sxtH/T, sxtI, sxtS and sxtU. sxtA, a unique starting gene, and sxtG, the second “core” gene appearing in the biosynthesis of PSP toxins are found in both cyanobacteria and Alexandrium sp. Three theories have been proposed to explain the origin of PSP toxin in dinoflagellates: I) the genes are produced by bacteria associated with the dinoflagellates, II) independent evolution III) horizontal gene transfer between cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates. Useful information regarding the expression and function of genes involved in the STX biosynthesis pathway provides an understanding of toxin production and possible mitigation and public health management of STX poisoning. e-VIBS, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources 2016 Article PeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/20213/1/Gene%20expression%20in%20the%20biosynthesis%20of%20Paralytic%20Shellfish%20Poisoning.pdf text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/20213/7/Gene%20Expression%20in%20the%20Biosynthesis%20of%20Paralytic.pdf Leong, Adrianne Suk Wai and Ann Anton and Kenneth Francis Rodrigues and Chin, Grace Joy Wei Lie (2016) Gene expression in the biosynthesis of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins in dinoflagellates: a mini review. Transactions on Science and Technology, 3 (2). pp. 374-381. ISSN 2289-8786 http://www.transectscience.org/pdfs/vol3/no2-2/3_2-2_374-381.pdf |
| spellingShingle | QP Physiology Leong, Adrianne Suk Wai Ann Anton Kenneth Francis Rodrigues Chin, Grace Joy Wei Lie Gene expression in the biosynthesis of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins in dinoflagellates: a mini review |
| title | Gene expression in the biosynthesis of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins in dinoflagellates: a mini review |
| title_full | Gene expression in the biosynthesis of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins in dinoflagellates: a mini review |
| title_fullStr | Gene expression in the biosynthesis of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins in dinoflagellates: a mini review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gene expression in the biosynthesis of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins in dinoflagellates: a mini review |
| title_short | Gene expression in the biosynthesis of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins in dinoflagellates: a mini review |
| title_sort | gene expression in the biosynthesis of paralytic shellfish poisoning (psp) toxins in dinoflagellates: a mini review |
| topic | QP Physiology |
| url | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/20213/1/Gene%20expression%20in%20the%20biosynthesis%20of%20Paralytic%20Shellfish%20Poisoning.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/20213/7/Gene%20Expression%20in%20the%20Biosynthesis%20of%20Paralytic.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/20213/ http://www.transectscience.org/pdfs/vol3/no2-2/3_2-2_374-381.pdf |
| url_provider | http://eprints.ums.edu.my/ |