Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique
Agarwood or gaharu is resin-impregnated wood of the tree genus Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae). In Malaysia, the main agarwood producer is Aquilaria malaccensis and oil extracted from this species is highly priced. One of the challenges in commercializing agarwood is the lack of universal standard to clas...
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| Format: | Book Chapter |
| Language: | en |
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Springer
2016
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6777/1/Resolution%20of%20Complex%20Sesquiterpene%20Hydrocarbons%20in%20Aquilaria%20malaccensis%20Volatile%20Oils%20Using%20Gas%20Chromatography%20Technique.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6777/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0833-7_7 |
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| _version_ | 1831522039838539776 |
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| author | Saiful Nizam, Tajuddin Che Mohd, Aizal M. M., Yusoff |
| author2 | Rozi, Mohamed |
| author_facet | Rozi, Mohamed Saiful Nizam, Tajuddin Che Mohd, Aizal M. M., Yusoff |
| author_sort | Saiful Nizam, Tajuddin |
| building | UMPSA Library |
| collection | Institutional Repository |
| content_provider | Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah |
| content_source | UMPSA Institutional Repository |
| continent | Asia |
| country | Malaysia |
| description | Agarwood or gaharu is resin-impregnated wood of the tree genus Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae). In Malaysia, the main agarwood producer is Aquilaria malaccensis and oil extracted from this species is highly priced. One of the challenges in commercializing agarwood is the lack of universal standard to classify the aromatic oils. Our present knowledge places the main aromatic compounds of agarwood oil in the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon region. In this work, we extracted agarwood oil using hydrodistillation method in the laboratory and compared with a commercial-scale extraction in the factory. We analyzed the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon region using several highly sophisticated detection systems. Using GC-FID, 12 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identified, while another eight were determined using GC-MS. Five compounds were identified in both analytical techniques: aromadendrene, α-bulnesene, α-guaiene, γ-gurjunene, and β-maaliene. Advanced analysis using GC × GC/TOFMS detected 24 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in both laboratory and pilot scale agarwood oils. Many of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons identified provide the woody aroma to the agarwood oil. Specifically, α-gurjunene and α-guaiene contribute to the woody balsamic aroma, while α-copaene contributes to the spicy-wood aroma. In total, 33 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identified from A. malaccensis in the present study, with high certainty. Results from this study can be used toward establishing a universal standard for agarwood oil from the genus Aquilaria in the global market, which is presently lacking. |
| format | Book Chapter |
| id | my.ump.umpir.6777 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | my.ump.umpir.67772018-07-27T08:24:17Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6777/ Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique Saiful Nizam, Tajuddin Che Mohd, Aizal M. M., Yusoff QD Chemistry Agarwood or gaharu is resin-impregnated wood of the tree genus Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae). In Malaysia, the main agarwood producer is Aquilaria malaccensis and oil extracted from this species is highly priced. One of the challenges in commercializing agarwood is the lack of universal standard to classify the aromatic oils. Our present knowledge places the main aromatic compounds of agarwood oil in the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon region. In this work, we extracted agarwood oil using hydrodistillation method in the laboratory and compared with a commercial-scale extraction in the factory. We analyzed the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon region using several highly sophisticated detection systems. Using GC-FID, 12 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identified, while another eight were determined using GC-MS. Five compounds were identified in both analytical techniques: aromadendrene, α-bulnesene, α-guaiene, γ-gurjunene, and β-maaliene. Advanced analysis using GC × GC/TOFMS detected 24 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in both laboratory and pilot scale agarwood oils. Many of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons identified provide the woody aroma to the agarwood oil. Specifically, α-gurjunene and α-guaiene contribute to the woody balsamic aroma, while α-copaene contributes to the spicy-wood aroma. In total, 33 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identified from A. malaccensis in the present study, with high certainty. Results from this study can be used toward establishing a universal standard for agarwood oil from the genus Aquilaria in the global market, which is presently lacking. Springer Rozi, Mohamed 2016 Book Chapter PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6777/1/Resolution%20of%20Complex%20Sesquiterpene%20Hydrocarbons%20in%20Aquilaria%20malaccensis%20Volatile%20Oils%20Using%20Gas%20Chromatography%20Technique.pdf Saiful Nizam, Tajuddin and Che Mohd, Aizal and M. M., Yusoff (2016) Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique. In: Agarwood. Tropical Forestry . Springer, Singapore, pp. 103-124. ISBN 978-981-10-0832-0 (print); 978-981-10-0833-7 (online) http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0833-7_7 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-0833-7_7 |
| spellingShingle | QD Chemistry Saiful Nizam, Tajuddin Che Mohd, Aizal M. M., Yusoff Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique |
| title | Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique |
| title_full | Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique |
| title_fullStr | Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique |
| title_full_unstemmed | Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique |
| title_short | Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique |
| title_sort | resolution of complex sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in aquilaria malaccensis volatile oils using gas chromatography technique |
| topic | QD Chemistry |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6777/1/Resolution%20of%20Complex%20Sesquiterpene%20Hydrocarbons%20in%20Aquilaria%20malaccensis%20Volatile%20Oils%20Using%20Gas%20Chromatography%20Technique.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6777/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0833-7_7 |
| url_provider | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/ |