The modelling and design optimisation of sawdust, garnet waste, and palm oil fuel ash-based hybrid asphalt binders using response surface methodology

This study evaluated the rheological characteristics of a hybrid asphalt binder integrating sawdust, garnet waste, and palm oil fuel ash (POFA). Approximately 0 %, 3 %, 6 %, and 9 % of hybrid materials were incorporated into the unaged and rolling thin film oven (RTFO) hybrid asphalt binders were as...

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Main Authors:	Wan Noor Hin, Mior Sani, Putra Jaya, Ramadhansyah, Mawardi, Indra, Zaid Hazim, Al-Saffar, Haryati, Yaacob
Format:	Article
Language:	en
Published:	Elsevier B.V. 2026
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TE Highway engineering. Roads and pavements
Online Access:	https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/46589/1/The%20modelling%20and%20design%20optimisation%20of%20sawdust.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100595 https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/46589/
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