Thermo-kinetic assessment of direct cellulose conversion to ethyl levulinate using Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid
Ethyl levulinate (EL) is a biomass-derived fuel additive that enhances fuel flow properties and promotes cleaner emissions, contributing to climate change mitigation. This study presents a novel investigation into the thermokinetics of direct cellulose conversion to EL using Brønsted-Lewis acidic io...
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| Language: | en |
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Elsevier Ltd
2025
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45607/1/Thermo-kinetic%20assessment%20of%20direct%20cellulose.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45607/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.037 |
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| author | Krishnasamy, Kirrthana Mohd, Asmadi Muzakkir, Mohammad Zainol Zaki Yamani, Zakaria Sureena, Abdullah |
| author_facet | Krishnasamy, Kirrthana Mohd, Asmadi Muzakkir, Mohammad Zainol Zaki Yamani, Zakaria Sureena, Abdullah |
| author_sort | Krishnasamy, Kirrthana |
| building | UMPSA Library |
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| content_provider | Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah |
| content_source | UMPSA Institutional Repository |
| continent | Asia |
| country | Malaysia |
| description | Ethyl levulinate (EL) is a biomass-derived fuel additive that enhances fuel flow properties and promotes cleaner emissions, contributing to climate change mitigation. This study presents a novel investigation into the thermokinetics of direct cellulose conversion to EL using Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid (BLAIL), a catalytic system that has received limited attention in this context. Reactions were conducted at 170–190 ◦C for 1–6 h, with BLAIL demonstrating superior catalytic performance. BLAIL yielded 30.79 mol% EL, the highest EL yield reported to date for direct cellulose conversion using BLAIL, significantly outperforming Brønsted acidic ionic liquid (BAIL), which yielded 15.60 mol% under conditions (190 ◦C, 6 h, 0.6 g cellulose, 2 g ionic liquid, 25 mL ethanol). Kinetic analysis revealed that both BAIL and BLAIL systems follow a pseudo-homogeneous first-order model (R² > 0.95). BLAIL reduced the activation energy to 114.94 kJ/mol, compared to BAIL (146.1 kJ/mol), indicating enhanced catalytic efficiency. Thermodynamic parameters for the BLAIL catalysed reaction (ΔH‡ = 111.17 kJ/ mol, ΔS‡ = − 92.44 J/ mol⋅K, ΔG‡ = 153.06 kJ/ mol) suggest the process is endothermic, more ordered, and endergonic. These findings provide new insights into the role of dual acidity in BLAIL for improving EL yield and for upscaling sustainable EL production from lignocellulosic biomass. |
| format | Article |
| id | my.ump.umpir-45607 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | my.ump.umpir-456072025-09-10T02:13:10Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45607/ Thermo-kinetic assessment of direct cellulose conversion to ethyl levulinate using Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid Krishnasamy, Kirrthana Mohd, Asmadi Muzakkir, Mohammad Zainol Zaki Yamani, Zakaria Sureena, Abdullah QD Chemistry TP Chemical technology Ethyl levulinate (EL) is a biomass-derived fuel additive that enhances fuel flow properties and promotes cleaner emissions, contributing to climate change mitigation. This study presents a novel investigation into the thermokinetics of direct cellulose conversion to EL using Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid (BLAIL), a catalytic system that has received limited attention in this context. Reactions were conducted at 170–190 ◦C for 1–6 h, with BLAIL demonstrating superior catalytic performance. BLAIL yielded 30.79 mol% EL, the highest EL yield reported to date for direct cellulose conversion using BLAIL, significantly outperforming Brønsted acidic ionic liquid (BAIL), which yielded 15.60 mol% under conditions (190 ◦C, 6 h, 0.6 g cellulose, 2 g ionic liquid, 25 mL ethanol). Kinetic analysis revealed that both BAIL and BLAIL systems follow a pseudo-homogeneous first-order model (R² > 0.95). BLAIL reduced the activation energy to 114.94 kJ/mol, compared to BAIL (146.1 kJ/mol), indicating enhanced catalytic efficiency. Thermodynamic parameters for the BLAIL catalysed reaction (ΔH‡ = 111.17 kJ/ mol, ΔS‡ = − 92.44 J/ mol⋅K, ΔG‡ = 153.06 kJ/ mol) suggest the process is endothermic, more ordered, and endergonic. These findings provide new insights into the role of dual acidity in BLAIL for improving EL yield and for upscaling sustainable EL production from lignocellulosic biomass. Elsevier Ltd 2025 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45607/1/Thermo-kinetic%20assessment%20of%20direct%20cellulose.pdf Krishnasamy, Kirrthana and Mohd, Asmadi and Muzakkir, Mohammad Zainol and Zaki Yamani, Zakaria and Sureena, Abdullah (2025) Thermo-kinetic assessment of direct cellulose conversion to ethyl levulinate using Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 218. pp. 886-895. ISSN 0263-8762. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.037 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.037 |
| spellingShingle | QD Chemistry TP Chemical technology Krishnasamy, Kirrthana Mohd, Asmadi Muzakkir, Mohammad Zainol Zaki Yamani, Zakaria Sureena, Abdullah Thermo-kinetic assessment of direct cellulose conversion to ethyl levulinate using Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid |
| title | Thermo-kinetic assessment of direct cellulose conversion to ethyl levulinate using Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid |
| title_full | Thermo-kinetic assessment of direct cellulose conversion to ethyl levulinate using Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid |
| title_fullStr | Thermo-kinetic assessment of direct cellulose conversion to ethyl levulinate using Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermo-kinetic assessment of direct cellulose conversion to ethyl levulinate using Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid |
| title_short | Thermo-kinetic assessment of direct cellulose conversion to ethyl levulinate using Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid |
| title_sort | thermo-kinetic assessment of direct cellulose conversion to ethyl levulinate using brønsted-lewis acidic ionic liquid |
| topic | QD Chemistry TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45607/1/Thermo-kinetic%20assessment%20of%20direct%20cellulose.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45607/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.037 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.037 |
| url_provider | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/ |