The toxicological profile of active pharmaceutical ingredients–containing nanoparticles: classification, mechanistic pathways, and health implications

Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale, producing a lot of new substances with properties that are not necessarily easily expected based on present knowledge. Nanotechnology produces substances with unique properties that can be beneficial or harmful dependi...

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Main Authors:	Muhaimin, Muhaimin, Chaerunisaa, Anis Yohana, Dewi, Mayang Kusuma, Khatib, Alfi, Hazrina, Aghnia
Format:	Article
Language:	en en en
Published:	MDPI 2025
Subjects:	RS192 Materia Medica-Pharmaceutical Technology
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/123807/7/123807_%20The%20toxicological%20profile.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/123807/8/123807_%20The%20toxicological%20profile_Scopus.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/123807/9/123807_%20The%20toxicological%20profile_WoS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/123807/ https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/5/703
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