Determinants and performance mapping of income inequality before and during pandemic Covid-19 in Sumatra, Indonesia
This study aims to examine the determinants of income inequality and to map the performance of each province based on the interaction among variables before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. It employs panel data regression analysis and applies the IPA quadrant method for two observation periods, 20...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en |
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Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2025
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| Online Access: | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26573/1/6.pdf http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26573/ https://www.ukm.my/jem/issue/v59i2/ |
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| _version_ | 1858061968887250944 |
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| author | Arif Rahman, Sukma Hayati Hakim, Nurmala Fitri, |
| author_facet | Arif Rahman, Sukma Hayati Hakim, Nurmala Fitri, |
| author_sort | Arif Rahman, |
| building | Tun Sri Lanang Library |
| collection | Institutional Repository |
| content_provider | Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| content_source | UKM Journal Article Repository |
| continent | Asia |
| country | Malaysia |
| description | This study aims to examine the determinants of income inequality and to map the performance of each province based on the interaction among variables before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. It employs panel data regression analysis and applies the IPA quadrant method for two observation periods, 2015-2019 and 2020-2022. Data were sourced from the
Central Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Environment. The findings suggest that improvements in democracy, environmental quality, and real GRDP per capita can help reduce income inequality, whereas the industrial sector appears to exacerbate it. Real output per capita exerts the strongest influence in reducing inequality. The quadrant analysis results show that Aceh Province experienced worsening inequality performance compared to the pre-pandemic period, while inequality in other provinces has generally stabilised. No high-income province was found to have low inequality status. Democracy performance across Sumatera Island was more volatile. In the industrial sector, only North Sumatra recorded weaker performance. Careful fiscal, monetary, and microeconomic policy consideration are thus required, especially regarding real output per capita growth and industrial sector expansion to prevent further widening of the income gap. |
| format | Article |
| id | my-ukm.journal.26573 |
| institution | Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | my-ukm.journal.265732026-02-25T01:58:13Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26573/ Determinants and performance mapping of income inequality before and during pandemic Covid-19 in Sumatra, Indonesia Arif Rahman, Sukma Hayati Hakim, Nurmala Fitri, This study aims to examine the determinants of income inequality and to map the performance of each province based on the interaction among variables before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. It employs panel data regression analysis and applies the IPA quadrant method for two observation periods, 2015-2019 and 2020-2022. Data were sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Environment. The findings suggest that improvements in democracy, environmental quality, and real GRDP per capita can help reduce income inequality, whereas the industrial sector appears to exacerbate it. Real output per capita exerts the strongest influence in reducing inequality. The quadrant analysis results show that Aceh Province experienced worsening inequality performance compared to the pre-pandemic period, while inequality in other provinces has generally stabilised. No high-income province was found to have low inequality status. Democracy performance across Sumatera Island was more volatile. In the industrial sector, only North Sumatra recorded weaker performance. Careful fiscal, monetary, and microeconomic policy consideration are thus required, especially regarding real output per capita growth and industrial sector expansion to prevent further widening of the income gap. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2025 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26573/1/6.pdf Arif Rahman, and Sukma Hayati Hakim, and Nurmala Fitri, (2025) Determinants and performance mapping of income inequality before and during pandemic Covid-19 in Sumatra, Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 59 (2). pp. 1-15. ISSN 0127-1962 https://www.ukm.my/jem/issue/v59i2/ |
| spellingShingle | Arif Rahman, Sukma Hayati Hakim, Nurmala Fitri, Determinants and performance mapping of income inequality before and during pandemic Covid-19 in Sumatra, Indonesia |
| title | Determinants and performance mapping of income inequality before and during pandemic Covid-19 in Sumatra, Indonesia |
| title_full | Determinants and performance mapping of income inequality before and during pandemic Covid-19 in Sumatra, Indonesia |
| title_fullStr | Determinants and performance mapping of income inequality before and during pandemic Covid-19 in Sumatra, Indonesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determinants and performance mapping of income inequality before and during pandemic Covid-19 in Sumatra, Indonesia |
| title_short | Determinants and performance mapping of income inequality before and during pandemic Covid-19 in Sumatra, Indonesia |
| title_sort | determinants and performance mapping of income inequality before and during pandemic covid-19 in sumatra, indonesia |
| url | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26573/1/6.pdf http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26573/ https://www.ukm.my/jem/issue/v59i2/ |
| url_provider | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/ |