Energy and Laplacian energy of the relative co-prime graph for symmetric group of order six

The energy of a graph is calculated as the sum of the modulus of eigenvalues of an adjacency matrix for a graph. The Laplacian energy refers to the eigenvalues of the graph’s Laplacian matrix. In graph theory, the co-prime graph of a group is a graph where the vertices represent the elements of a gr...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Norarida Abd Rhani, Muhammad Alif Haikal Mokhtar, Nur Zurin Iwani Hashim, Fadila Normahia Abd Manaf, Muhanizah Abdul Hamid
Format: Article
Language:en
Published: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2025
Online Access:http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26340/1/Paper_6%20-.pdf
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26340/
https://www.ukm.my/jqma/
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Summary:The energy of a graph is calculated as the sum of the modulus of eigenvalues of an adjacency matrix for a graph. The Laplacian energy refers to the eigenvalues of the graph’s Laplacian matrix. In graph theory, the co-prime graph of a group is a graph where the vertices represent the elements of a group, and two distinct vertices are connected if and only if their orders are relatively prime. This study is then extended to the relative co-prime graph of a group, where the vertices are the elements of the group, and two distinct vertices are adjacent if and only if their orders are co-prime and any of them is in the subgroup. By using the definition of the relative co-prime graph of a group with respect to a subgroup, some graphs of symmetric group of order six are constructed. Some energies and Laplacian energies of the relative co-prime graph related to the symmetric group of order six are also obtained.