Cultivating green minds: a systematic review of teaching strategies, outcome and challenges in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) for secondary schools

This study conducts a systematic literature review to provide a comprehensive analysis of teaching strategies implemented in secondary schools for the integration of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Despite the global emphasis on ESD, a systematic comparison of teaching strategies'...

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Main Authors: Mohd Loqmanul Hakim Kamaruldzaman, Kamisah Osman, Siti Nur Diyana Mahmud
Format: Article
Language:en
Published: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2025
Online Access:http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26183/1/214-227%20-.pdf
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26183/
http://ejournal.ukm.my/ebangi/index
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author Mohd Loqmanul Hakim Kamaruldzaman,
Kamisah Osman,
Siti Nur Diyana Mahmud,
author_facet Mohd Loqmanul Hakim Kamaruldzaman,
Kamisah Osman,
Siti Nur Diyana Mahmud,
author_sort Mohd Loqmanul Hakim Kamaruldzaman,
building Tun Sri Lanang Library
collection Institutional Repository
content_provider Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
content_source UKM Journal Article Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
description This study conducts a systematic literature review to provide a comprehensive analysis of teaching strategies implemented in secondary schools for the integration of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Despite the global emphasis on ESD, a systematic comparison of teaching strategies' efficacy in secondary schools remains underexplored, particularly in diverse cultural contexts. The research explores prevalent teaching approaches, evaluates their outcomes, and identifies barriers and challenges encountered during implementation. To address this gap, the study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A meticulous analysis of 23 studies (2019–2024) from Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC reveals that Project-based Learning (PjBL) dominates (48% of studies), significantly enhancing systems thinking and collaborative skills while Digital-based Learning (DBL) (30% of studies) proves most effective in technology-rich environments. Four key implementation challenges emerge, including the insufficient training of teachers, the lack of teaching materials, insufficient understanding of how to implement ESD and teachers' preference for subject-specific over cross-disciplinary approaches. These findings offer a research-backed foundation for selecting effective strategies, calling on policymakers to adopt flexible ESD frameworks tailored to local contexts while advancing SDG 4.7 objectives. Such efforts can narrow the longstanding divide between ESD principles and classroom implementation, enabling secondary schools globally to foster environmentally and socially conscious learners prepared for complex future demands.
format Article
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institution Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
language en
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publisher Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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spelling my-ukm.journal.261832025-11-11T08:16:02Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26183/ Cultivating green minds: a systematic review of teaching strategies, outcome and challenges in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) for secondary schools Mohd Loqmanul Hakim Kamaruldzaman, Kamisah Osman, Siti Nur Diyana Mahmud, This study conducts a systematic literature review to provide a comprehensive analysis of teaching strategies implemented in secondary schools for the integration of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Despite the global emphasis on ESD, a systematic comparison of teaching strategies' efficacy in secondary schools remains underexplored, particularly in diverse cultural contexts. The research explores prevalent teaching approaches, evaluates their outcomes, and identifies barriers and challenges encountered during implementation. To address this gap, the study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A meticulous analysis of 23 studies (2019–2024) from Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC reveals that Project-based Learning (PjBL) dominates (48% of studies), significantly enhancing systems thinking and collaborative skills while Digital-based Learning (DBL) (30% of studies) proves most effective in technology-rich environments. Four key implementation challenges emerge, including the insufficient training of teachers, the lack of teaching materials, insufficient understanding of how to implement ESD and teachers' preference for subject-specific over cross-disciplinary approaches. These findings offer a research-backed foundation for selecting effective strategies, calling on policymakers to adopt flexible ESD frameworks tailored to local contexts while advancing SDG 4.7 objectives. Such efforts can narrow the longstanding divide between ESD principles and classroom implementation, enabling secondary schools globally to foster environmentally and socially conscious learners prepared for complex future demands. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2025-05 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26183/1/214-227%20-.pdf Mohd Loqmanul Hakim Kamaruldzaman, and Kamisah Osman, and Siti Nur Diyana Mahmud, (2025) Cultivating green minds: a systematic review of teaching strategies, outcome and challenges in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) for secondary schools. e-Bangi Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22 (2). pp. 214-227. ISSN 1823-884x http://ejournal.ukm.my/ebangi/index
spellingShingle Mohd Loqmanul Hakim Kamaruldzaman,
Kamisah Osman,
Siti Nur Diyana Mahmud,
Cultivating green minds: a systematic review of teaching strategies, outcome and challenges in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) for secondary schools
title Cultivating green minds: a systematic review of teaching strategies, outcome and challenges in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) for secondary schools
title_full Cultivating green minds: a systematic review of teaching strategies, outcome and challenges in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) for secondary schools
title_fullStr Cultivating green minds: a systematic review of teaching strategies, outcome and challenges in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) for secondary schools
title_full_unstemmed Cultivating green minds: a systematic review of teaching strategies, outcome and challenges in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) for secondary schools
title_short Cultivating green minds: a systematic review of teaching strategies, outcome and challenges in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) for secondary schools
title_sort cultivating green minds: a systematic review of teaching strategies, outcome and challenges in education for sustainable development (esd) for secondary schools
url http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26183/1/214-227%20-.pdf
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26183/
http://ejournal.ukm.my/ebangi/index
url_provider http://journalarticle.ukm.my/