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Optimization of Chitosan-Alginate Hydrogel Properties for Controlled Release of Urea

This study explored the effects of synthesis parameters such as chitosan molecular weight, alginate loading, and crosslinker loading in optimizing chitosan-alginate hydrogel using response surface methodology prepared by ionotropic gelation. Box-Behnken design evaluated the effects of chitosan molec...

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Main Authors: Melody, Kimi, Chong, Chee Jiun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University 2025
Subjects:
QD Chemistry
Online Access:http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/47581/1/Optimization.pdf
http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/47581/
https://epg.science.cmu.ac.th/ejournal/journal-detail.php?id=11894
https://doi.org/10.12982/CMJS.2025.008
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spelling my.unimas.ir-475812025-02-14T00:15:52Z http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/47581/ Optimization of Chitosan-Alginate Hydrogel Properties for Controlled Release of Urea Melody, Kimi Chong, Chee Jiun QD Chemistry This study explored the effects of synthesis parameters such as chitosan molecular weight, alginate loading, and crosslinker loading in optimizing chitosan-alginate hydrogel using response surface methodology prepared by ionotropic gelation. Box-Behnken design evaluated the effects of chitosan molecular weight, alginate loading (2.5 to 4.5 wt%), and crosslinker loading (0.10 M to 1.00 M) on encapsulation efficiency, swelling behaviour and urea release. The hydrogels were spherical and with a mean diameter of 3.82 ± 0.78 μm. FTIR analysis confirmed the interactions between chitosan, alginate and crosslinker added. Encapsulation efficiency was maximized at 89.43 ± 12.66%, with alginate concentration (3.5 wt%) being the most significant factor (p = 0.001264). Higher alginate concentrations improved encapsulation by facilitating crosslinking with Ca²⁺ ions. Swelling studies revealed an average swelling capacity of 33.27 ± 17.26%, peaking at 77%. Urea release over 2 hours averaged 20.08 ± 16.39%, with minimal release observed in formulations using lower molecular weight chitosan and moderate alginate concentrations (p = 0.01535). Statistical models indicated high adequacy for encapsulation efficiency (R² = 0.844) but limited predictive power for swelling (R² = 0.4987). The findings demonstrated the influence of formulation variables on hydrogel properties, underscoring their potential as nutrient delivery systems with controlled release and swelling behaviour. Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University 2025-01-29 Article PeerReviewed text en http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/47581/1/Optimization.pdf Melody, Kimi and Chong, Chee Jiun (2025) Optimization of Chitosan-Alginate Hydrogel Properties for Controlled Release of Urea. Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 52 (1). pp. 1-22. ISSN 0125-2526 https://epg.science.cmu.ac.th/ejournal/journal-detail.php?id=11894 https://doi.org/10.12982/CMJS.2025.008
institution Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
building Centre for Academic Information Services (CAIS)
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
content_source UNIMAS Institutional Repository
url_provider http://ir.unimas.my/
language English
topic QD Chemistry
spellingShingle QD Chemistry
Melody, Kimi
Chong, Chee Jiun
Optimization of Chitosan-Alginate Hydrogel Properties for Controlled Release of Urea
description This study explored the effects of synthesis parameters such as chitosan molecular weight, alginate loading, and crosslinker loading in optimizing chitosan-alginate hydrogel using response surface methodology prepared by ionotropic gelation. Box-Behnken design evaluated the effects of chitosan molecular weight, alginate loading (2.5 to 4.5 wt%), and crosslinker loading (0.10 M to 1.00 M) on encapsulation efficiency, swelling behaviour and urea release. The hydrogels were spherical and with a mean diameter of 3.82 ± 0.78 μm. FTIR analysis confirmed the interactions between chitosan, alginate and crosslinker added. Encapsulation efficiency was maximized at 89.43 ± 12.66%, with alginate concentration (3.5 wt%) being the most significant factor (p = 0.001264). Higher alginate concentrations improved encapsulation by facilitating crosslinking with Ca²⁺ ions. Swelling studies revealed an average swelling capacity of 33.27 ± 17.26%, peaking at 77%. Urea release over 2 hours averaged 20.08 ± 16.39%, with minimal release observed in formulations using lower molecular weight chitosan and moderate alginate concentrations (p = 0.01535). Statistical models indicated high adequacy for encapsulation efficiency (R² = 0.844) but limited predictive power for swelling (R² = 0.4987). The findings demonstrated the influence of formulation variables on hydrogel properties, underscoring their potential as nutrient delivery systems with controlled release and swelling behaviour.
format Article
author Melody, Kimi
Chong, Chee Jiun
author_facet Melody, Kimi
Chong, Chee Jiun
author_sort Melody, Kimi
title Optimization of Chitosan-Alginate Hydrogel Properties for Controlled Release of Urea
title_short Optimization of Chitosan-Alginate Hydrogel Properties for Controlled Release of Urea
title_full Optimization of Chitosan-Alginate Hydrogel Properties for Controlled Release of Urea
title_fullStr Optimization of Chitosan-Alginate Hydrogel Properties for Controlled Release of Urea
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of Chitosan-Alginate Hydrogel Properties for Controlled Release of Urea
title_sort optimization of chitosan-alginate hydrogel properties for controlled release of urea
publisher Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University
publishDate 2025
url http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/47581/1/Optimization.pdf
http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/47581/
https://epg.science.cmu.ac.th/ejournal/journal-detail.php?id=11894
https://doi.org/10.12982/CMJS.2025.008
_version_ 1825166847189712896
score 13.239859

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